| Title |
Voluntary induction and maintenance of alcohol dependence in rats using alcohol vapor self-administration
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Psychopharmacology, March 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00213-017-4608-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Giordano de Guglielmo, Marsida Kallupi, Maury D. Cole, Olivier George |
| Abstract |
A major issue in the addiction field is the limited number of animal models of the voluntary induction and maintenance of alcohol dependence in outbred rats. To address this issue, we developed a novel apparatus that vaporizes alcohol for 2-10 min after an active nosepoke response. Male Wistar rats were allowed to self-administer alcohol vapor for 8 h/day every other day for 24 sessions (escalated) or eight sessions (non-escalated). Escalated and non-escalated rats were then tested for progressive ratio responding. Anxiety-like behavior, somatic signs of withdrawal, and hyperalgesia were assessed during acute withdrawal. The results showed that rats exhibited excellent discrimination between the active and inactive operanda (>85%), and the escalated rats quickly increased their blood alcohol levels from ~50 to >200 mg% in ~6 weeks. Compared with non-escalated rats, escalated rats exhibited severe addiction-like behavior, including somatic signs of withdrawal, anxiety-like behavior, hyperalgesia, and higher responding on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. These results demonstrate that outbred rats will voluntarily self-administer alcohol vapor to the point of dependence without the use of forced alcohol administration, sweeteners, food/water restriction, operant pretraining, or behavioral/genetic selection. This novel animal model may be particularly useful for medication development to help unveil the neuronal circuitry that underlies the voluntary induction of alcohol addiction and identify novel molecular targets that are specifically recruited after the voluntary induction and maintenance of alcohol dependence. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 15 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 9 | 60% |
| Canada | 1 | 7% |
| Finland | 1 | 7% |
| Unknown | 4 | 27% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 8 | 53% |
| Members of the public | 6 | 40% |
| Unknown | 1 | 7% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 38 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 38 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 9 | 24% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 13% |
| Researcher | 4 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 4 | 11% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 2 | 5% |
| Other | 5 | 13% |
| Unknown | 9 | 24% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroscience | 13 | 34% |
| Psychology | 5 | 13% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 11% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 5% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 5% |
| Other | 3 | 8% |
| Unknown | 9 | 24% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 9. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 07 November 2022.
All research outputs
#4,177,268
of 25,035,235 outputs
Outputs from Psychopharmacology
#1,065
of 5,591 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#69,107
of 314,634 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Psychopharmacology
#13
of 62 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,035,235 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 83rd percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 5,591 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 11.4. This one has done well, scoring higher than 80% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 314,634 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 77% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 62 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 80% of its contemporaries.