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Bombesin Improves Adaptive Immunity of the Salivary Gland During Parenteral Nutrition

Overview of attention for article published in Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, October 2013
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Title
Bombesin Improves Adaptive Immunity of the Salivary Gland During Parenteral Nutrition
Published in
Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, October 2013
DOI 10.1177/0148607113507080
Pubmed ID
Authors

Joseph F. Pierre, Aaron F. Heneghan, Xinying Wang, Drew A. Roenneburg, Guy E. Groblewski, Kenneth A. Kudsk

Abstract

Background: The parotid and submandibular salivary glands are gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) that secrete immune compounds into the oral cavity. Parenteral nutrition (PN) without enteral stimulation decreases GALT function, including intestinal lymphocyte counts and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels. Since the neuropeptide bombesin (BBS), a gastrin-releasing peptide analogue, stimulates intestinal function and restores GALT parameters, we hypothesized that PN + BBS would stimulate parotid and salivary gland IgA levels, T lymphocytes, and IgA plasma cell counts compared with PN alone. Methods: Male (Institute of Cancer Research) ICR mice received intravenous catheters and were randomized to chow with saline, PN, or PN + BBS (15 µg/tid/mouse) for 5 days (8/group), 2 days after cannulation. Salivary glands were weighed and either frozen for IgA and amylase analysis or fixed for histological analysis of acinar cells, IgA+ plasma cells, and T lymphocytes. Small intestinal wash fluid was collected for IgA regression analysis with salivary glands. Results: PN reduced organ weight, acinar cell size, and amylase activity compared with chow; BBS had no significant effects on these parameters. Compared with chow, PN significantly reduced salivary gland IgA levels, IgA+ plasma cells, and T lymphocytes. PN + BBS significantly elevated IgA and restored cellularity compared with PN. Salivary gland tissue homogenate IgA levels significantly correlated with intestinal fluid IgA levels. Conclusions: Compared with chow, PN results in atrophy of the salivary glands characterized by reduced amylase, IgA, and immune cellularity. BBS has no effect on acinar cells or amylase activity compared with PN but maintains tissue IgA and plasma cells and T-lymphocyte numbers compared with chow.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 15 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
United States 1 7%
Unknown 14 93%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Researcher 3 20%
Professor > Associate Professor 2 13%
Student > Master 2 13%
Student > Doctoral Student 1 7%
Student > Bachelor 1 7%
Other 3 20%
Unknown 3 20%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Medicine and Dentistry 5 33%
Immunology and Microbiology 2 13%
Computer Science 1 7%
Psychology 1 7%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 1 7%
Other 0 0%
Unknown 5 33%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 October 2015.
All research outputs
#17,699,064
of 22,725,280 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
#1,791
of 2,240 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#150,380
of 210,284 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
#22
of 35 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,725,280 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 19th percentile – i.e., 19% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,240 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.8. This one is in the 15th percentile – i.e., 15% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 210,284 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 25th percentile – i.e., 25% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 35 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 14th percentile – i.e., 14% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.