Title |
Mushroom immunomodulators: unique molecules with unlimited applications
|
---|---|
Published in |
Trends in Biotechnology, October 2013
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.09.003 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Hesham A. El Enshasy, Rajni Hatti-Kaul |
Abstract |
For centuries, mushrooms have been used as food and medicine in different cultures. More recently, many bioactive compounds have been isolated from different types of mushrooms. Among these, immunomodulators have gained much interest based on the increasing growth of the immunotherapy sector. Mushroom immunomodulators are classified under four categories based on their chemical nature as: lectins, terpenoids, proteins, and polysaccharides. These compounds are produced naturally in mushrooms cultivated in greenhouses. For effective industrial production, cultivation is carried out in submerged culture to increase the bioactive compound yield, decrease the production time, and reduce the cost of downstream processing. This review provides a comprehensive overview on mushroom immunomodulators in terms of chemistry, industrial production, and applications in medical and nonmedical sectors. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 14% |
Ecuador | 1 | 14% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 14% |
Unknown | 4 | 57% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 6 | 86% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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India | 2 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Mexico | 1 | <1% |
China | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 375 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 65 | 17% |
Researcher | 50 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 44 | 12% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 41 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 20 | 5% |
Other | 67 | 18% |
Unknown | 95 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 103 | 27% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 41 | 11% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 21 | 5% |
Chemistry | 20 | 5% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 17 | 4% |
Other | 60 | 16% |
Unknown | 120 | 31% |