Title |
Immunity, Inflammation, and Bipolar Disorder: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
|
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Published in |
Current Psychiatry Reports, August 2013
|
DOI | 10.1007/s11920-013-0387-y |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Nora Hamdani, Raphael Doukhan, Ozlem Kurtlucan, Ryad Tamouza, Marion Leboyer |
Abstract |
Bipolar disorder is now known to be associated not only with highly prevalent co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders but also with medical comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and thyroid dysfunction. Inflammatory disturbances repeatedly observed in bipolar disorder, can explain some of the comorbidity between bipolar disorder and medical disorder. This revised perspective of bipolar disorders should promote the development of therapeutic tools. Immuno-inflammatory dysfunction may well represent a significant component of the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder. We therefore propose to review the immuno-inflammatory hypothesis in bipolar disorder considering the co-occurence with autoimmune diseases, immunological and inflammatory markers, as well as immuno-genetic markers which could lead to personalized treatments. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 135 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Postgraduate | 17 | 12% |
Researcher | 16 | 12% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 15 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 14 | 10% |
Student > Master | 12 | 9% |
Other | 33 | 24% |
Unknown | 30 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 45 | 33% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 14 | 10% |
Psychology | 11 | 8% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 6% |
Neuroscience | 7 | 5% |
Other | 14 | 10% |
Unknown | 38 | 28% |