| Title |
Decrements in health-related quality of life associated with gender nonconformity among U.S. adolescents and young adults
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Quality of Life Research, March 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11136-017-1545-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Allegra R. Gordon, Nancy Krieger, Cassandra A. Okechukwu, Sebastien Haneuse, Mihail Samnaliev, Brittany M. Charlton, S. Bryn Austin |
| Abstract |
Gender nonconformity, that is, transgressing conventionally "masculine" vs. "feminine" characteristics, is often stigmatized. Stigmatization and discrimination are social stressors that raise risk of adverse mental and physical health outcomes and may drive health inequities. However, little is known about the relationship between such social stressors and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This paper aimed to examine associations between perceived gender nonconformity and HRQOL in a cohort of U.S. adolescents and young adults. Using data from 8408 participants (18-31 years) in the U.S. Growing Up Today Study (93% white, 88% middle-to-high income), we estimated risk ratios (RRs) for the association of gender nonconformity (three levels: highly gender conforming, moderately conforming, and gender nonconforming) and HRQOL using the EuroQol questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Models were adjusted for demographic characteristics, including sexual orientation identity. Gender nonconformity was independently associated with increased risk of having problems with mobility [RR (95% confidence interval): 1.76 (1.16, 2.68)], usual activities [2.29 (1.67, 3.13)], pain or discomfort [1.59, (1.38, 1.83)], and anxiety or depression [1.72 (1.39, 2.13)], after adjusting for sexual orientation and demographic characteristics. Decrements in health utility by gender nonconformity were observed: compared to persons who were highly gender conforming, mean health utility was lower for the moderately gender conforming [beta (SE): -0.011 (.002)] and lowest for the most gender nonconforming [-0.034 (.005)]. In our study, HRQOL exhibited inequities by gender nonconformity. Future studies, including in more diverse populations, should measure the effect of gender-related harassment, discrimination, and violence victimization on health and HRQOL. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | 67% |
| Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 178 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 178 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 26 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 25 | 14% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 18 | 10% |
| Student > Bachelor | 12 | 7% |
| Researcher | 10 | 6% |
| Other | 25 | 14% |
| Unknown | 62 | 35% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 41 | 23% |
| Social Sciences | 18 | 10% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 17 | 10% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 16 | 9% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 2% |
| Other | 15 | 8% |
| Unknown | 68 | 38% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 11. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 25 September 2018.
All research outputs
#2,900,967
of 22,963,381 outputs
Outputs from Quality of Life Research
#231
of 2,910 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#60,140
of 333,979 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Quality of Life Research
#8
of 86 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 2,910 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.6. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 91% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 86 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 90% of its contemporaries.