| Title |
Regulatory monocytes in helminth infections: insights from the modulation during human hookworm infection
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
BMC Infectious Diseases, April 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s12879-017-2366-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Lívia Silva Araújo Passos, Pedro Henrique Gazzinelli-Guimarães, Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes, Ana Clara Gazzinelli Guimarães, Denise da Silveira Lemos, Natasha Delaqua Ricci, Ricardo Gonçalves, Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Lilian Lacerda Bueno |
| Abstract |
While the macrophage polarization is well characterized in helminth infections, the natural heterogeneity of monocytes with multiple cell phenotypes might influence the outcome of neglected diseases, such hookworm infection. Here, we report the profile of monocytes in human hookworm infections as a model to study the regulatory subpopulation of monocytes in helminth infections. Blood samples were collected from 19 Necator americanus-infected individuals and 13 healthy individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and immunophenotyping was conducted by flow cytometry. The expressions of genes encoding human nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin 4 (IL-4), arginase-1 (Arg-1) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase were quantified by qPCR. Plasma levels of IL-4 were determined by sandwich ELISA. Unpaired t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests were used depending on the data distribution. Hookworm infected individuals (HWI) showed a significant increase in the number of monocytes/mm(3) (555.2 ± 191.0) compared to that of the non-infected (NI) individuals (120.4 ± 44.7) (p < 0.0001). While the frequencies of CD14(+)IL-10(+) and CD14(+)IL-12(+) cells were significantly reduced in the HWI compared to NI group (p = 0.0289 and p < 0.0001, respectively), the ratio between IL-10/IL-12 producing monocytes was significantly elevated in HWI (p = 0.0004), indicating the potential regulatory activity of these cells. Measurement of IL-4 levels and gene expression of IL-4 and Arg-1 (highly expressed in alternatively activated macrophages) revealed no significant differences between the NI and HWI groups. Interestingly, individuals from the HWI group had higher expression of the iNOS gene (associated with a regulatory profile) (20.27 ± 2.97) compared to the NI group (11.28 ± 1.18, p = 0.0409). Finally, individuals from the HWI group had a significantly higher frequency of CD206(+)CD23(+)IL-10(+) (7.57 ± 1.96) cells compared to individuals from the NI group (0.35 ± 0.09) (p < 0.001), suggesting that activated monocytes are a potential source of regulatory cytokines during hookworm infection. Natural hookworm infection induces a high frequency of circulating monocytes that present a regulatory profile and promote the downmodulation of the proinflammatory response, which may contribute to prolonged survival of the parasite in the host. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 1 | 50% |
| Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 50 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 50 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 24% |
| Student > Bachelor | 8 | 16% |
| Researcher | 7 | 14% |
| Student > Master | 3 | 6% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 4% |
| Other | 4 | 8% |
| Unknown | 14 | 28% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Immunology and Microbiology | 8 | 16% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 14% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 12% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 8% |
| Social Sciences | 2 | 4% |
| Other | 4 | 8% |
| Unknown | 19 | 38% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 10 April 2017.
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#18,541,268
of 22,963,381 outputs
Outputs from BMC Infectious Diseases
#5,640
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Outputs of similar age from BMC Infectious Diseases
#126
of 170 outputs
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