| Title |
Vitamin D status and predictors of hypovitaminosis D in Italian children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
European Journal of Pediatrics, August 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00431-013-2119-z |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Francesco Vierucci, Marta Del Pistoia, Margherita Fanos, Martina Gori, Giorgia Carlone, Paola Erba, Gabriele Massimetti, Giovanni Federico, Giuseppe Saggese |
| Abstract |
Hypovitaminosis D affects children and adolescents all around the world. Italian data on vitamin D status and risk factors for hypovitaminosis D during pediatric age are lacking. Six hundred fifty-two children and adolescents (range 2.0-21.0 years) living in the northwestern area of Tuscany were recruited at the Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Pisa. None of them had received vitamin D supplementation in the previous 12 months. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were analyzed in all subjects. Severe vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum levels of 25-OH-D<25.0 nmol/L (10.0 ng/mL) and vitamin D deficiency a<50.0 nmol/L (20.0 ng/mL). Serum 25-OH-D levels of 50.0-74.9 nmol/L (20.0-29.9 ng/mL) indicated vitamin D insufficiency, whereas 25-OH-D levels ≥ 75.0 nmol/L (30.0 ng/mL) were considered sufficient. Hypovitaminosis D was defined as 25-OH-D levels<75.0 nmol/L (30.0 ng/mL). The median serum 25-OH-D level was 51.8 nmol/L, range 6.7-174.7 (20.7 ng/mL, range 2.7-70.0), with a prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency of 45.9, 33.6, and 20.5 %, respectively. The prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency was 9.5 %. Adolescents had lower median 25-OH-D levels (49.8 nmol/L, range 8.1-174.7; 20.0 ng/mL, range 3.2-70.0) than children (55.6 nmol/L, range 6.8-154.6; 22.3 ng/mL, range 2.7-61.9, p=0.006). Non-white individuals (n=37) had median serum 25-OH-D levels in the range of deficiency (28.2 nmol/L, range 8.1-86.2; 11.3 ng/mL, range 3.2-34.5), with 36/37 having hypovitaminosis D. Logistic regression showed significant increased risk of hypovitaminosis D in the following: blood samples taken in winter (odds ratio (OR) 27.20), spring (OR 26.44), and fall (OR 8.27) compared to summer; overweight (OR 5.02) and obese (OR 5.36) subjects compared to individuals with normal BMI; low sun exposure (OR 8.64) compared to good exposure, and regular use of sunscreens (OR 7.06) compared to non-regular use. Gender and place of residence were not associated with vitamin D status. The 25-OH-D levels were inversely related to the PTH levels (r=-0.395, p<0.0001). Sixty-three out of the 652 (9.7 %) subjects showed secondary hyperparathyroidism. |
X Demographics
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Greece | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 123 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 121 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 18 | 15% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 13 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 13 | 11% |
| Researcher | 10 | 8% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 8 | 7% |
| Other | 29 | 24% |
| Unknown | 32 | 26% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 42 | 34% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 15 | 12% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 9 | 7% |
| Social Sciences | 4 | 3% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 2% |
| Other | 15 | 12% |
| Unknown | 35 | 28% |
Attention Score in Context
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#18,355,685
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Outputs from European Journal of Pediatrics
#3,097
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Outputs of similar age from European Journal of Pediatrics
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