Title |
The true stone composition and abnormality of urinary metabolic lithogenic factors of rats fed diets containing melamine
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Published in |
Urolithiasis, November 2013
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DOI | 10.1007/s00240-013-0622-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Xiaoming Cong, Xiaojian Gu, Yan Xu, Xizhao Sun, Luming Shen |
Abstract |
To better understand the toxicity of melamine to humans, the stone composition and urinary metabolic lithogenic factors of rats fed diets containing melamine including the infant's melamine-induced stone composition were studied. Sixty 4-week-old male rats divided into three groups were, respectively, fed diets containing no melamine (control), 0.1 % melamine, and 1 % melamine for 4 weeks. At the end of experiment, the collected stones and 24-h urines from rats were, respectively, measured with compositions and metabolic lithogenic parameters. The stone from an infant who ingested melamine-adulterated formula was also included in compositional analysis. Across three groups, the stone was only detected in 1 % melamine group, with composition of almost melamine different from the affected infant's stone composed of melamine and uric acid with a ratio of 1:2. Compared with control group, urine calcium and phosphate excretions were significantly increased in 1 % melamine group. Urine uric acid excretion was significantly increased but citrate excretion was significantly decreased in 0.1 % and 1 % melamine groups. Urine oxalate excretion and pH were indicated without any significant difference. In addition based on urine physicochemical characters, melamine-uric acid stone seems difficult to be formed in the rats due to their characters of urine high-pH and low-uric acid. These results demonstrated that (1) the stone composition of rats fed melamine was not and could not be as that of infants fed melamine-adulterated formula, two species had a different mechanism of melamine-induced stone formation; (2) the exposure of melamine could result in abnormalities of urine metabolic lithogenic factors to rats, perhaps as well as human beings. |
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