| Title |
Role of Orexin-A in Hypertension and Obesity
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Current Hypertension Reports, March 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11906-017-0729-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Roberta Imperatore, Letizia Palomba, Luigia Cristino |
| Abstract |
Hypertension is one of the most challenging health problems inducing cerebrovascular disease and high percentage of death when associated with diabetes, dyslipidemias, and obesity. Orexin/hypocretin is a peptide expressed by a small number of neurons of the dorsolateral hypothalamus, a brain feeding and autonomic "fight-or-flight" regulatory center. According to this function, orexin has been demonstrated to evoke cardiovascular responses, heart rate, hypertension, hyperarousal, hyperphagia, and obesity. The focus of this review is to provide an overview about the mechanism through which orexin regulates food intake and cardiovascular responses and its role in the pathogenesis of obesity and hypertension which could be of great interest to establish possible new therapies. In normal rats and mice, central administration of orexin increases food intake, blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity and these effects are blocked by selective orexin receptor antagonist SB-334867 or almorexant. Moreover, upregulation of orexin signaling, in combination with elevation of epinephrine and norepinephrine circulating levels, occurs in rats exposed to chronic stress, in models of spontaneous hypertension (SHR and BPH/2J Schlager mice) and in obese mice (ob/ob or mice fed with high fat diet). Therefore, hyperactivity of orexinergic neurons could be a factor in the development of obesity and essential hypertension. Because of their widespread projections to the brain regions involved in appetite and cardiovascular responses, as far down as sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, orexin evokes sympathetically mediated cardiovascular responses. Lasting upregulation of orexin signaling can lead to hyperphagia, obesity, and hypertensive state. Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) and selective orexin receptor antagonists (SORAs) have antihypertensive effects that could be of clinical use for regulation of food intake and hypertension, supporting the role of orexinergic neurons as critical checkpoint in the neurogenic control of metabolic and cardiovascular functions. |
X Demographics
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 90 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 90 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 15 | 17% |
| Student > Master | 15 | 17% |
| Researcher | 10 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 9% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 7 | 8% |
| Other | 17 | 19% |
| Unknown | 18 | 20% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 18 | 20% |
| Neuroscience | 16 | 18% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 12 | 13% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 7% |
| Chemistry | 3 | 3% |
| Other | 10 | 11% |
| Unknown | 25 | 28% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 April 2017.
All research outputs
#15,454,502
of 22,965,074 outputs
Outputs from Current Hypertension Reports
#462
of 734 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#193,759
of 308,498 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Current Hypertension Reports
#18
of 23 outputs
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