Title |
Diabetes, bone and glucose-lowering agents: basic biology
|
---|---|
Published in |
Diabetologia, April 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00125-017-4269-4 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Beata Lecka-Czernik |
Abstract |
Skeletal fragility often accompanies diabetes and does not appear to correlate with low bone mass or trauma severity in individuals with diabetes. Instead (and in contrast to those with osteoporotic bone disease), bone remodelling and bone turnover are compromised in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, contributing to defective bone material quality. This review is one of a pair discussing the relationship between diabetes, bone and glucose-lowering agents; an accompanying review is provided in this issue of Diabetologia by Ann Schwartz (DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4283-6 ). This review presents basic science evidence that, alongside other organs, bone is affected in diabetes via impairments in glucose metabolism, toxic effects of glucose oxidative derivatives (advance glycation end-products [AGEs]), and via impairments in bone microvascular function and muscle endocrine function. The cellular and molecular basis for the effects of diabetes on bone are discussed, as is the impact of diabetes on the stem cell niche and fracture healing. Furthermore, the safety of clinically approved glucose-lowering therapies and the possibility of developing a single therapy that would be beneficial for both insulin sensitisation and diabetes bone syndrome are outlined. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Mexico | 7 | 11% |
Spain | 7 | 11% |
United Kingdom | 5 | 8% |
United States | 4 | 6% |
Denmark | 3 | 5% |
Peru | 2 | 3% |
Philippines | 1 | 2% |
Dominican Republic | 1 | 2% |
Germany | 1 | 2% |
Other | 5 | 8% |
Unknown | 29 | 45% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 47 | 72% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 11 | 17% |
Scientists | 6 | 9% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
India | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 140 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 18 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 15 | 11% |
Student > Master | 13 | 9% |
Researcher | 10 | 7% |
Other | 9 | 6% |
Other | 26 | 18% |
Unknown | 51 | 36% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 48 | 34% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 12 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 2% |
Engineering | 3 | 2% |
Other | 16 | 11% |
Unknown | 55 | 39% |