| Title |
Image analysis of immune cell patterns in the human mammary gland during the menstrual cycle refines lymphocytic lobulitis
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, April 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10549-017-4239-z |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Nadine S. Schaadt, Juan Carlos López Alfonso, Ralf Schönmeyer, Anne Grote, Germain Forestier, Cédric Wemmert, Nicole Krönke, Mechthild Stoeckelhuber, Hans H. Kreipe, Haralampos Hatzikirou, Friedrich Feuerhake |
| Abstract |
To improve microscopic evaluation of immune cells relevant in breast cancer oncoimmunology, we aim at distinguishing normal infiltration patterns from lymphocytic lobulitis by advanced image analysis. We consider potential immune cell variations due to the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives in non-neoplastic mammary gland tissue. Lymphocyte and macrophage distributions were analyzed in the anatomical context of the resting mammary gland in immunohistochemically stained digital whole slide images obtained from 53 reduction mammoplasty specimens. Our image analysis workflow included automated regions of interest detection, immune cell recognition, and co-registration of regions of interest. In normal lobular epithelium, seven CD8[Formula: see text] lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells were present on average and about 70% of this T-lymphocyte population was lined up along the basal cell layer in close proximity to the epithelium. The density of CD8[Formula: see text] T-cell was 1.6 fold higher in the luteal than in the follicular phase in spontaneous menstrual cycles and 1.4 fold increased under the influence of oral contraceptives, and not co-localized with epithelial proliferation. CD4[Formula: see text] T-cells were infrequent. Abundant CD163[Formula: see text] macrophages were widely spread, including the interstitial compartment, with minor variation during the menstrual cycle. Spatial patterns of different immune cell subtypes determine the range of normal, as opposed to inflammatory conditions of the breast tissue microenvironment. Advanced image analysis enables quantification of hormonal effects, refines lymphocytic lobulitis, and shows potential for comprehensive biopsy evaluation in oncoimmunology. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 6 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Norway | 1 | 17% |
| France | 1 | 17% |
| Germany | 1 | 17% |
| Unknown | 3 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 4 | 67% |
| Members of the public | 2 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 33 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 33 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 6 | 18% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 9% |
| Student > Master | 3 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 6 | 18% |
| Unknown | 11 | 33% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 21% |
| Computer Science | 4 | 12% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 2 | 6% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 6% |
| Mathematics | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 6 | 18% |
| Unknown | 10 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 28 April 2017.
All research outputs
#12,755,378
of 22,992,311 outputs
Outputs from Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
#2,766
of 4,676 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#142,548
of 309,747 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
#36
of 108 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,992,311 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 44th percentile – i.e., 44% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 4,676 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.2. This one is in the 40th percentile – i.e., 40% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 309,747 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 53% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 108 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 66% of its contemporaries.