| Title |
Environmental pollution with antimicrobial agents from bulk drug manufacturing industries in Hyderabad, South India, is associated with dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing pathogens
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Infection, April 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s15010-017-1007-2 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Christoph Lübbert, Christian Baars, Anil Dayakar, Norman Lippmann, Arne C. Rodloff, Martina Kinzig, Fritz Sörgel |
| Abstract |
High antibiotic and antifungal concentrations in wastewater from anti-infective drug production may exert selection pressure for multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. We investigated the environmental presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients and their association with MDR Gram-negative bacteria in Hyderabad, South India, a major production area for the global bulk drug market. From Nov 19 to 28, 2016, water samples were collected from the direct environment of bulk drug manufacturing facilities, the vicinity of two sewage treatment plants, the Musi River, and habitats in Hyderabad and nearby villages. Samples were analyzed for 25 anti-infective pharmaceuticals with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and for MDR Gram-negative bacteria using chromogenic culture media. In addition, specimens were screened with PCR for bla VIM, bla KPC, bla NDM, bla IMP-1, and bla OXA-48 resistance genes. All environmental specimens from 28 different sampling sites were contaminated with antimicrobials. High concentrations of moxifloxacin, voriconazole, and fluconazole (up to 694.1, 2500, and 236,950 µg/L, respectively) as well as increased concentrations of eight other antibiotics were found in sewers in the Patancheru-Bollaram industrial area. Corresponding microbiological analyses revealed an extensive presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters (carrying mainly bla OXA-48, bla NDM, and bla KPC) in more than 95% of the samples. Insufficient wastewater management by bulk drug manufacturing facilities leads to unprecedented contamination of water resources with antimicrobial pharmaceuticals, which seems to be associated with the selection and dissemination of carbapenemase-producing pathogens. The development and global spread of antimicrobial resistance present a major challenge for pharmaceutical producers and regulatory agencies. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 65 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 15 | 23% |
| Australia | 6 | 9% |
| United Kingdom | 5 | 8% |
| Japan | 3 | 5% |
| Germany | 3 | 5% |
| Netherlands | 2 | 3% |
| Spain | 2 | 3% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 2% |
| Malaysia | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 6 | 9% |
| Unknown | 21 | 32% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 41 | 63% |
| Scientists | 17 | 26% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 5 | 8% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 332 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | <1% |
| India | 1 | <1% |
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| France | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 327 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 41 | 12% |
| Student > Master | 41 | 12% |
| Researcher | 38 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 30 | 9% |
| Other | 22 | 7% |
| Other | 59 | 18% |
| Unknown | 101 | 30% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 33 | 10% |
| Environmental Science | 29 | 9% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 26 | 8% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 26 | 8% |
| Engineering | 23 | 7% |
| Other | 83 | 25% |
| Unknown | 112 | 34% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 177. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 31 January 2024.
All research outputs
#221,596
of 24,985,232 outputs
Outputs from Infection
#9
of 1,556 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#4,637
of 315,369 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Infection
#2
of 20 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,985,232 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,556 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 8.4. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 315,369 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 20 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 95% of its contemporaries.