Title |
Antibodies to Influenza Virus A/H1N1 Hemagglutinin in Type 1 Diabetes Children Diagnosed Before, During and After the SWEDISH A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccination Campaign 2009–2010
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Published in |
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, January 2014
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DOI | 10.1111/sji.12138 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
M. Svensson, A. Ramelius, A.‐L. Nilsson, A. J. Delli, H. Elding Larsson, A. Carlsson, G. Forsander, S. A. Ivarsson, J. Ludvigsson, I. Kockum, C. Marcus, U. Samuelsson, E. Örtqvist, Å. Lernmark, the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study group |
Abstract |
We determined A/H1N1-hemagglutinin (HA) antibodies in relation to HLA-DQ genotypes and islet autoantibodies at clinical diagnosis in 1141 incident 0.7-to 18-year-old type 1 diabetes patients diagnosed April 2009-December 2010. Antibodies to (35) S-methionine-labelled A/H1N1 hemagglutinin were determined in a radiobinding assay in patients diagnosed before (n = 325), during (n = 355) and after (n = 461) the October 2009-March 2010 Swedish A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination campaign, along with HLA-DQ genotypes and autoantibodies against GAD, insulin, IA-2 and ZnT8 transporter. Before vaccination, 0.6% patients had A/H1N1-HA antibodies compared with 40% during and 27% after vaccination (P < 0.0001). In children <3 years of age, A/H1N1-HA antibodies were found only during vaccination. The frequency of A/H1N1-HA antibodies during vaccination decreased after vaccination among the 3 < 6 (P = 0.006) and 13 < 18 (P = 0.001), but not among the 6 < 13-year-olds. HLA-DQ2/8 positive children <3 years decreased from 54% (15/28) before and 68% (19/28) during, to 30% (9/30) after vaccination (P = 0.014). Regardless of age, DQ2/2; 2/X (n = 177) patients had lower frequency (P = 0.020) and levels (P = 0.042) of A/H1N1-HA antibodies compared with non-DQ2/2; 2/X (n = 964) patients. GADA frequency was 50% before, 60% during and 51% after vaccination (P = 0.009). ZnT8QA frequency increased from 30% before to 34% during and 41% after vaccination (P = 0.002). Our findings suggest that young (<3 years) along with DQ2/2; 2/X patients were low responders to Pandemrix(®) . As the proportion of DQ2/8 patients <3 years of age decreased after vaccination and the frequencies of GADA and ZnT8QA were enhanced, it cannot be excluded that the vaccine affected clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 26 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 12% |
Student > Master | 3 | 12% |
Researcher | 3 | 12% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 12% |
Other | 4 | 15% |
Unknown | 6 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 35% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 12% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 12% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 1 | 4% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 4% |
Other | 2 | 8% |
Unknown | 7 | 27% |