Title |
Role of “Western Diet” in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases
|
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Published in |
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, December 2013
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DOI | 10.1007/s11882-013-0404-6 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Arndt Manzel, Dominik N. Muller, David A. Hafler, Susan E. Erdman, Ralf A. Linker, Markus Kleinewietfeld |
Abstract |
Developed societies, although having successfully reduced the burden of infectious disease, constitute an environment where metabolic, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases thrive. Living in westernized countries has not fundamentally changed the genetic basis on which these diseases emerge, but has strong impact on lifestyle and pathogen exposure. In particular, nutritional patterns collectively termed the "Western diet", including high-fat and cholesterol, high-protein, high-sugar, and excess salt intake, as well as frequent consumption of processed and 'fast foods', promote obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. These factors have also gained high interest as possible promoters of autoimmune diseases. Underlying metabolic and immunologic mechanisms are currently being intensively explored. This review discusses the current knowledge relative to the association of "Western diet" with autoimmunity, and highlights the role of T cells as central players linking dietary influences to autoimmune pathology. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 23 | 27% |
Canada | 6 | 7% |
United Kingdom | 4 | 5% |
Spain | 3 | 4% |
New Zealand | 2 | 2% |
Brazil | 1 | 1% |
Ecuador | 1 | 1% |
Ireland | 1 | 1% |
Germany | 1 | 1% |
Other | 4 | 5% |
Unknown | 38 | 45% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 71 | 85% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 8 | 10% |
Scientists | 5 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Colombia | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Slovakia | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Mexico | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 756 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 163 | 21% |
Student > Master | 109 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 81 | 11% |
Researcher | 74 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 42 | 5% |
Other | 116 | 15% |
Unknown | 182 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 160 | 21% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 110 | 14% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 74 | 10% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 73 | 10% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 45 | 6% |
Other | 97 | 13% |
Unknown | 208 | 27% |