Title |
Blood Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
|
---|---|
Published in |
Biological Trace Element Research, May 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/s12011-017-1002-6 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Huamei Li, Hui Li, Yun Li, Yujie Liu, Zhengyan Zhao |
Abstract |
Environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the role of heavy metals has not been fully defined. This study investigated whether blood levels of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and lead of children with ASD significantly differ from those of age- and sex-matched controls. One hundred eighty unrelated children with ASD and 184 healthy controls were recruited. Data showed that the children with ASD had significantly (p < 0.001) higher levels of mercury and arsenic and a lower level of cadmium. The levels of lead did not differ significantly between the groups. The results of this study are consistent with numerous previous studies, supporting an important role for heavy metal exposure, particularly mercury, in the etiology of ASD. It is desirable to continue future research into the relationship between ASD and heavy metal exposure. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 4 | 14% |
United States | 3 | 10% |
Mexico | 3 | 10% |
Spain | 2 | 7% |
Switzerland | 2 | 7% |
Turkey | 1 | 3% |
Thailand | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 13 | 45% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 26 | 90% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 7% |
Scientists | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 108 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 14 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 13 | 12% |
Researcher | 9 | 8% |
Other | 6 | 6% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 6% |
Other | 21 | 19% |
Unknown | 39 | 36% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 18 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 6% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 6% |
Environmental Science | 6 | 6% |
Psychology | 6 | 6% |
Other | 18 | 17% |
Unknown | 47 | 44% |