Title |
Climate Change Influences on Marine Infectious Diseases: Implications for Management and Society
|
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Published in |
Annual Review of Marine Science, June 2013
|
DOI | 10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135029 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Colleen A. Burge, C. Mark Eakin, Carolyn S. Friedman, Brett Froelich, Paul K. Hershberger, Eileen E. Hofmann, Laura E. Petes, Katherine C. Prager, Ernesto Weil, Bette L. Willis, Susan E. Ford, C. Drew Harvell |
Abstract |
Infectious diseases are common in marine environments, but the effects of a changing climate on marine pathogens are not well understood. Here we review current knowledge about how the climate drives host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease outbreaks. Climate-related impacts on marine diseases are being documented in corals, shellfish, finfish, and humans; these impacts are less clearly linked for other organisms. Oceans and people are inextricably linked, and marine diseases can both directly and indirectly affect human health, livelihoods, and well-being. We recommend an adaptive management approach to better increase the resilience of ocean systems vulnerable to marine diseases in a changing climate. Land-based management methods of quarantining, culling, and vaccinating are not successful in the ocean; therefore, forecasting conditions that lead to outbreaks and designing tools/approaches to influence these conditions may be the best way to manage marine disease. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 10% |
Australia | 1 | 10% |
Unknown | 8 | 80% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 8 | 80% |
Scientists | 2 | 20% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 8 | <1% |
Chile | 2 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Cameroon | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Other | 5 | <1% |
Unknown | 779 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 145 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 138 | 17% |
Student > Master | 116 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 94 | 12% |
Other | 35 | 4% |
Other | 137 | 17% |
Unknown | 136 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 284 | 35% |
Environmental Science | 149 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 51 | 6% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 48 | 6% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 20 | 2% |
Other | 88 | 11% |
Unknown | 161 | 20% |