Title |
A primer on systematic reviews in toxicology
|
---|---|
Published in |
Archives of Toxicology, May 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00204-017-1980-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sebastian Hoffmann, Rob B. M. de Vries, Martin L. Stephens, Nancy B. Beck, Hubert A. A. M. Dirven, John R. Fowle, Julie E. Goodman, Thomas Hartung, Ian Kimber, Manoj M. Lalu, Kristina Thayer, Paul Whaley, Daniele Wikoff, Katya Tsaioun |
Abstract |
Systematic reviews, pioneered in the clinical field, provide a transparent, methodologically rigorous and reproducible means of summarizing the available evidence on a precisely framed research question. Having matured to a well-established approach in many research fields, systematic reviews are receiving increasing attention as a potential tool for answering toxicological questions. In the larger framework of evidence-based toxicology, the advantages and obstacles of, as well as the approaches for, adapting and adopting systematic reviews to toxicology are still being explored. To provide the toxicology community with a starting point for conducting or understanding systematic reviews, we herein summarized available guidance documents from various fields of application. We have elaborated on the systematic review process by breaking it down into ten steps, starting with planning the project, framing the question, and writing and publishing the protocol, and concluding with interpretation and reporting. In addition, we have identified the specific methodological challenges of toxicological questions and have summarized how these can be addressed. Ultimately, this primer is intended to stimulate scientific discussions of the identified issues to fuel the development of toxicology-specific methodology and to encourage the application of systematic review methodology to toxicological issues. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 4 | 22% |
Italy | 4 | 22% |
United Kingdom | 3 | 17% |
Belgium | 1 | 6% |
Netherlands | 1 | 6% |
United States | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 4 | 22% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 15 | 83% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 11% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 101 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 22 | 21% |
Student > Master | 18 | 17% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 8% |
Student > Bachelor | 7 | 7% |
Other | 6 | 6% |
Other | 20 | 19% |
Unknown | 22 | 21% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 18 | 17% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 13% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 10 | 10% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 9% |
Environmental Science | 7 | 7% |
Other | 17 | 17% |
Unknown | 29 | 28% |