| Title |
The spectrum of thyroid disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Rheumatology International, July 2010
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00296-010-1556-5 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Kundan Kumar, Alakes Kumar Kole, Partha Sarathi Karmakar, Alakendu Ghosh |
| Abstract |
To study the spectrum of thyroid disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Hundred SLE patients as per American Rheumatology Association(ARA) classification criteria underwent clinical examination, including assessment of disease activity (SLEDAI) and laboratory evaluation for serum triiodothyronine (T3),free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), antithyroperoxidase (TPO) antibody and antithyroglobulin (TG) antibody. Hundred age- and sex-matched apparently healthy individuals served as control. Thirty-six (36%) lupus patients had thyroid dysfunction when compared to 8 (8%) of controls and all of them were women. Primary hypothyroidism was the commonest dysfunction in 14 (14%), while subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism was seen in 12 (12%) and 2 (2%), respectively. Eight (8%) had isolated low T3 consistent with sick euthyroid syndrome. Eighteen (50%) of thyroid dysfunction were autoimmune in nature (autoantibody positive) and rest 18 (50%) were non-autoimmune. Euthyroid state with the elevation of antibodies alone was seen in 12 (12%) of the lupus patients. In contrast, only 5 (5%) of controls had primary hypothyroidism and 3 (3%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, while none had hyperthyroidism. SLEDAI score and disease duration were compared between lupus patients with thyroid dysfunction to those with normal thyroid function. A statistically significant association was found between SLEDAI and thyroid dysfunction of sick euthyroid type.SLE disease duration had no statistically significant association with thyroid dysfunction. Prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in lupus patients was 30% when compared to 10% of controls. Ninety-six (96%) of the SLE patients were ANA positive, while 4 (4%) of them were ANA negative but were anti-Sm antibody positive. There were no suggestions of any other autoimmune endocrine diseases like diabetes or Addison's disease (clinically and on baseline investigations) in our lupus cohort and hence no further work up was done for these diseases. Thyroid disorders are frequent in SLE and are multifactorial with a definite higher prevalence of hypothyroidism as well as thyroid autoantibodies. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 50 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Colombia | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 49 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 6 | 12% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 5 | 10% |
| Student > Bachelor | 5 | 10% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 8% |
| Researcher | 4 | 8% |
| Other | 11 | 22% |
| Unknown | 15 | 30% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 25 | 50% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 4% |
| Psychology | 2 | 4% |
| Business, Management and Accounting | 1 | 2% |
| Computer Science | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 4 | 8% |
| Unknown | 15 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 07 January 2014.
All research outputs
#20,215,721
of 22,738,543 outputs
Outputs from Rheumatology International
#1,966
of 2,174 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#89,369
of 94,039 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Rheumatology International
#10
of 11 outputs
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