| Title |
Reflections on Clinical and Statistical Use of the Penetration-Aspiration Scale
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Dysphagia, May 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00455-017-9809-z |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Catriona M. Steele, Karen Grace-Martin |
| Abstract |
The 8-point Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was introduced to the field of dysphagia in 1996 and has become the standard method used by both clinicians and researchers to describe and measure the severity of airway invasion during swallowing. In this article, we review the properties of the scale and explore what has been learned over 20 years of use regarding the construct validity, ordinality, intervality, score distribution, and sensitivity of the PAS to change. We propose that a categorical revision of the PAS into four levels of increasing physiological severity would be appropriate. The article concludes with a discussion of common errors made in the statistical analysis of the PAS, proposing that frequency distributions and ordinal logistic regression approaches are most appropriate given the properties of the scale. A hypothetical dataset is included to illustrate both the problems and strengths of different statistical approaches. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 17 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 5 | 29% |
| United States | 4 | 24% |
| Argentina | 1 | 6% |
| Australia | 1 | 6% |
| Unknown | 6 | 35% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 14 | 82% |
| Scientists | 2 | 12% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 195 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 195 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 34 | 17% |
| Other | 24 | 12% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 10% |
| Researcher | 16 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 5% |
| Other | 30 | 15% |
| Unknown | 62 | 32% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Nursing and Health Professions | 48 | 25% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 41 | 21% |
| Neuroscience | 9 | 5% |
| Psychology | 5 | 3% |
| Linguistics | 4 | 2% |
| Other | 12 | 6% |
| Unknown | 76 | 39% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 13. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 09 December 2021.
All research outputs
#2,686,876
of 25,019,915 outputs
Outputs from Dysphagia
#169
of 1,360 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#48,216
of 319,261 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Dysphagia
#4
of 15 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 1,360 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.8. This one has done well, scoring higher than 87% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 15 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 80% of its contemporaries.