| Title |
Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, Stylophora pistillata
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Ecotoxicology, December 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
C. A. Downs, Esti Kramarsky-Winter, John E. Fauth, Roee Segal, Omri Bronstein, Rina Jeger, Yona Lichtenfeld, Cheryl M. Woodley, Paul Pennington, Ariel Kushmaro, Yossi Loya |
| Abstract |
Benzophenone-2 (BP-2) is an additive to personal-care products and commercial solutions that protects against the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. BP-2 is an "emerging contaminant of concern" that is often released as a pollutant through municipal and boat/ship wastewater discharges and landfill leachates, as well as through residential septic fields and unmanaged cesspits. Although BP-2 may be a contaminant on coral reefs, its environmental toxicity to reefs is unknown. This poses a potential management issue, since BP-2 is a known endocrine disruptor as well as a weak genotoxicant. We examined the effects of BP-2 on the larval form (planula) of the coral, Stylophora pistillata, as well as its toxicity to in vitro coral cells. BP-2 is a photo-toxicant; adverse effects are exacerbated in the light versus in darkness. Whether in darkness or light, BP-2 induced coral planulae to transform from a motile planktonic state to a deformed, sessile condition. Planulae exhibited an increasing rate of coral bleaching in response to increasing concentrations of BP-2. BP-2 is a genotoxicant to corals, exhibiting a strong positive relationship between DNA-AP lesions and increasing BP-2 concentrations. BP-2 exposure in the light induced extensive necrosis in both the epidermis and gastro dermis. In contrast, BP-2 exposure in darkness induced autophagy and autophagic cell death.The LC50 of BP-2 in the light for an 8 and 24 hour exposure was 120 parts per million (ppm) and 165 parts per billion (ppb), respectively. The LC50s for BP-2 in darkness for the same time points were 144 parts per million and 548 parts per billion [corrected]. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 21 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 10 | 48% |
| United Kingdom | 2 | 10% |
| Portugal | 1 | 5% |
| Spain | 1 | 5% |
| Puerto Rico | 1 | 5% |
| Thailand | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 5 | 24% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 14 | 67% |
| Scientists | 5 | 24% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 5% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 276 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| France | 1 | <1% |
| Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 272 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 56 | 20% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 41 | 15% |
| Student > Master | 36 | 13% |
| Researcher | 35 | 13% |
| Other | 13 | 5% |
| Other | 43 | 16% |
| Unknown | 52 | 19% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 78 | 28% |
| Environmental Science | 54 | 20% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 21 | 8% |
| Chemistry | 17 | 6% |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | 7 | 3% |
| Other | 32 | 12% |
| Unknown | 67 | 24% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 108. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 18 December 2023.
All research outputs
#370,619
of 24,577,646 outputs
Outputs from Ecotoxicology
#6
of 1,533 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#3,535
of 317,502 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Ecotoxicology
#3
of 15 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,577,646 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 98th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,533 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.6. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 15 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 86% of its contemporaries.