Title |
A Promiscuous Intermediate Underlies the Evolution of LEAFY DNA Binding Specificity
|
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Published in |
Science, January 2014
|
DOI | 10.1126/science.1248229 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Camille Sayou, Marie Monniaux, Max H. Nanao, Edwige Moyroud, Samuel F. Brockington, Emmanuel Thévenon, Hicham Chahtane, Norman Warthmann, Michael Melkonian, Yong Zhang, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Detlef Weigel, François Parcy, Renaud Dumas |
Abstract |
Transcription factors (TFs) are key players in evolution. Changes affecting their function can yield novel life forms but may also have deleterious effects. Consequently, gene duplication events that release one gene copy from selective pressure are thought to be the common mechanism by which TFs acquire new activities. Here, we show that LEAFY, a major regulator of flower development and cell division in land plants, underwent changes to its DNA binding specificity, even though plant genomes generally contain a single copy of the LEAFY gene. We examined how these changes occurred at the structural level and identify an intermediate LEAFY form in hornworts that appears to adopt all different specificities. This promiscuous intermediate could have smoothed the evolutionary transitions, thereby allowing LEAFY to evolve new binding specificities while remaining a single-copy gene. |
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United States | 3 | 9% |
Switzerland | 2 | 6% |
Japan | 2 | 6% |
Canada | 2 | 6% |
France | 1 | 3% |
Argentina | 1 | 3% |
Norway | 1 | 3% |
Spain | 1 | 3% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 19 | 54% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 19 | 54% |
Scientists | 13 | 37% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 6% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 4 | 1% |
Germany | 2 | <1% |
France | 2 | <1% |
Canada | 2 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Czechia | 1 | <1% |
New Zealand | 1 | <1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Estonia | 1 | <1% |
Other | 3 | 1% |
Unknown | 274 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 55 | 19% |
Student > Bachelor | 29 | 10% |
Professor | 26 | 9% |
Student > Master | 26 | 9% |
Other | 43 | 15% |
Unknown | 27 | 9% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 58 | 20% |
Chemistry | 4 | 1% |
Computer Science | 3 | 1% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 1% |
Other | 5 | 2% |
Unknown | 32 | 11% |