Title |
Identification of low-frequency and rare sequence variants associated with elevated or reduced risk of type 2 diabetes
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Published in |
Nature Genetics, January 2014
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DOI | 10.1038/ng.2882 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Patrick Sulem, Hannes Helgason, Niels Grarup, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Hafdis T Helgadottir, Hrefna Johannsdottir, Olafur T Magnusson, Sigurjon A Gudjonsson, Johanne M Justesen, Marie N Harder, Marit E Jørgensen, Cramer Christensen, Ivan Brandslund, Annelli Sandbæk, Torsten Lauritzen, Henrik Vestergaard, Allan Linneberg, Torben Jørgensen, Torben Hansen, Maryam S Daneshpour, Mohammad-Sadegh Fallah, Astradur B Hreidarsson, Gunnar Sigurdsson, Fereidoun Azizi, Rafn Benediktsson, Gisli Masson, Agnar Helgason, Augustine Kong, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Oluf Pedersen, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson |
Abstract |
Through whole-genome sequencing of 2,630 Icelanders and imputation into 11,114 Icelandic cases and 267,140 controls followed by testing in Danish and Iranian samples, we discovered 4 previously unreported variants affecting risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A low-frequency (1.47%) variant in intron 1 of CCND2, rs76895963[G], reduces risk of T2D by half (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, P = 5.0 × 10(-21)) and is correlated with increased CCND2 expression. Notably, this variant is also associated with both greater height and higher body mass index (1.17 cm per allele, P = 5.5 × 10(-12) and 0.56 kg/m(2) per allele, P = 6.5 × 10(-7), respectively). In addition, two missense variants in PAM, encoding p.Asp563Gly (frequency of 4.98%) and p.Ser539Trp (frequency of 0.65%), confer moderately higher risk of T2D (OR = 1.23, P = 3.9 × 10(-10) and OR = 1.47, P = 1.7 × 10(-5), respectively), and a rare (0.20%) frameshift variant in PDX1, encoding p.Gly218Alafs*12, associates with high risk of T2D (OR = 2.27, P = 7.3 × 10(-7)). |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 23 | 34% |
United Kingdom | 9 | 13% |
Ireland | 3 | 4% |
Spain | 2 | 3% |
Denmark | 1 | 1% |
Australia | 1 | 1% |
Georgia | 1 | 1% |
Mexico | 1 | 1% |
Belgium | 1 | 1% |
Other | 8 | 12% |
Unknown | 18 | 26% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 39 | 57% |
Scientists | 25 | 37% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 4 | 1% |
Spain | 2 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
India | 1 | <1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Other | 3 | 1% |
Unknown | 263 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 74 | 27% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 70 | 25% |
Student > Master | 27 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 26 | 9% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 17 | 6% |
Other | 41 | 15% |
Unknown | 24 | 9% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 105 | 38% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 64 | 23% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 42 | 15% |
Arts and Humanities | 5 | 2% |
Computer Science | 4 | 1% |
Other | 27 | 10% |
Unknown | 32 | 11% |