Title |
Yersinia pestis and the Plague of Justinian 541–543 AD: a genomic analysis
|
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Published in |
Lancet Infectious Diseases, January 2014
|
DOI | 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70323-2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
David M Wagner, Jennifer Klunk, Michaela Harbeck, Alison Devault, Nicholas Waglechner, Jason W Sahl, Jacob Enk, Dawn N Birdsell, Melanie Kuch, Candice Lumibao, Debi Poinar, Talima Pearson, Mathieu Fourment, Brian Golding, Julia M Riehm, David J D Earn, Sharon DeWitte, Jean-Marie Rouillard, Gisela Grupe, Ingrid Wiechmann, James B Bliska, Paul S Keim, Holger C Scholz, Edward C Holmes, Hendrik Poinar |
Abstract |
Yersinia pestis has caused at least three human plague pandemics. The second (Black Death, 14-17th centuries) and third (19-20th centuries) have been genetically characterised, but there is only a limited understanding of the first pandemic, the Plague of Justinian (6-8th centuries). To address this gap, we sequenced and analysed draft genomes of Y pestis obtained from two individuals who died in the first pandemic. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 27 | 21% |
United Kingdom | 26 | 20% |
Spain | 4 | 3% |
Switzerland | 2 | 2% |
Japan | 2 | 2% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 2 | 2% |
Mexico | 2 | 2% |
Australia | 2 | 2% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Other | 12 | 9% |
Unknown | 48 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 78 | 61% |
Scientists | 31 | 24% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 11 | 9% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 8 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 6 | 1% |
Germany | 3 | <1% |
France | 2 | <1% |
Norway | 2 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
Chile | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Kenya | 1 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Other | 4 | <1% |
Unknown | 470 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 93 | 19% |
Student > Bachelor | 85 | 17% |
Researcher | 75 | 15% |
Student > Master | 50 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 29 | 6% |
Other | 74 | 15% |
Unknown | 87 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 137 | 28% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 73 | 15% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 36 | 7% |
Social Sciences | 25 | 5% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 20 | 4% |
Other | 94 | 19% |
Unknown | 108 | 22% |