Title |
The Social Behavioral Phenotype in Boys and Girls with an Extra X Chromosome (Klinefelter Syndrome and Trisomy X): A Comparison with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Published in |
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, July 2013
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DOI | 10.1007/s10803-013-1860-5 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sophie van Rijn, Lex Stockmann, Martine Borghgraef, Hilgo Bruining, Conny van Ravenswaaij-Arts, Lutgarde Govaerts, Kerstin Hansson, Hanna Swaab |
Abstract |
The present study aimed to gain more insight in the social behavioral phenotype, and related autistic symptomatology, of children with an extra X chromosome in comparison to children with ASD. Participants included 60 children with an extra X chromosome (34 boys with Klinefelter syndrome and 26 girls with Trisomy X), 58 children with ASD and 106 controls, aged 9 to 18 years. We used the Autism Diagnostic Interview, Social Responsiveness Scale, Social Anxiety Scale and Social Skills Rating System. In the extra X group, levels of social dysfunction and autism symptoms were increased, being in between controls and ASD. In contrast to the ASD group, the extra X group showed increased social anxiety. The effects were similar for boys and girls with an extra X chromosome. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Canada | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Mexico | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 119 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 22 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 18 | 15% |
Researcher | 14 | 12% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 9 | 8% |
Other | 19 | 16% |
Unknown | 26 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 36 | 30% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 19 | 16% |
Social Sciences | 9 | 8% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 5% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 4% |
Other | 14 | 12% |
Unknown | 31 | 26% |