Title |
Hypoinsulinaemic, hypoketotic hypoglycaemia due to mosaic genetic activation of PI3-kinase
|
---|---|
Published in |
European Journal of Endocrinology, May 2017
|
DOI | 10.1530/eje-17-0132 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sarah M Leiter, Victoria E R Parker, Alena Welters, Rachel Knox, Nuno Rocha, Graeme Clark, Felicity Payne, Luca Lotta, Julie Harris, Julio Guerrero-Fernández, Isabel González-Casado, Sixto García-Miñaur, Gema Gordo, Nick Wareham, Víctor Martínez-Glez, Michael Allison, Stephen O'Rahilly, Inês Barroso, Thomas Meissner, Susan Davies, Khalid Hussain, Karen Temple, Ana-Coral Barreda-Bonis, Sebastian Kummer, Robert K Semple |
Abstract |
Genetic activation of the insulin signal-transducing kinase AKT2 causes syndromic hypoketotic hypoglycaemia without elevated insulin. Mosaic activating mutations in class 1A phospatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), upstream from AKT2 in insulin signalling, are known to cause segmental overgrowth, but the metabolic consequences have not been systematically reported. We assess the metabolic phenotype of 22 patients with mosaic activating mutations affecting PI3K, thereby providing new insight into the metabolic function of this complex node in insulin signal transduction. Three patients with megalencephaly, diffuse asymmetric overgrowth, hypoketotic, hypoinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and no AKT2 mutation underwent further genetic, clinical, and metabolic investigation. Signalling in dermal fibroblasts from one patient, and efficacy of the mTOR inhibitor Sirolimus on pathway activation was examined. Finally, the metabolic profile of a cohort of 19 further patients with mosaic activating mutations in PI3K was further assessed. In the first three patients mosaic mutations in PIK3CA (p.Gly118Asp or p.Glu726Lys) or PIK3R2 (p.Gly373Arg) were found.. In different tissue samples available from one patient, the PIK3CA p.Glu726Lys mutation was present at burdens from 24% to 42%, with the highest level in the liver. Dermal fibroblasts showed increased basal AKT phosphorylation which was potently suppressed by Sirolimus. Nineteen further patients with mosaic mutations in PIK3CA had neither clinical nor biochemical evidence of hypoglycaemia. Mosaic mutations activating class 1A PI3K cause severe non-ketotic hypoglycaemia in a subset of patients, with the metabolic phenotype presumably related to the extent of mosaicism within the liver. mTOR or PI3K inhibitors offer the prospect for future therapy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 35 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 7 | 20% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 9% |
Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 9% |
Other | 2 | 6% |
Professor | 2 | 6% |
Other | 5 | 14% |
Unknown | 13 | 37% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 37% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 14% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 6% |
Philosophy | 1 | 3% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 3% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 13 | 37% |