Title |
Exercise Intolerance in Chronic Heart Failure: The Role of Cortisol and the Catabolic State
|
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Published in |
Current Heart Failure Reports, November 2013
|
DOI | 10.1007/s11897-013-0177-1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Georgios Tzanis, Stavros Dimopoulos, Varvara Agapitou, Serafim Nanas |
Abstract |
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome leading to exercise intolerance due to muscular fatigue and dyspnea. Hemodynamics fail to explain the reduced exercise capacity, while a significant skeletal muscular pathology seems to constitute the main underlying mechanism for exercise intolerance in CHF patients. There have been proposed several metabolic, neurohormonal and immune system abnormalities leading to an anabolic/catabolic imbalance that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of the wasting process of skeletal muscle myopathy. The impairment of the anabolic axes is associated with the severity of symptoms and the poor outcome in CHF, whereas increased cortisol levels are predictive of exercise intolerance, ventilatory inefficiency and chronotropic incompetence, suggesting a significant contributing mechanism to the limited functional status. Exercise training and device therapy could have beneficial effects in preventing and treating muscle wasting in CHF. However, specific anabolic treatment needs more investigation to prove possible beneficial effects. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Japan | 1 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
Brazil | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 52 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 16% |
Student > Master | 8 | 15% |
Researcher | 8 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 7 | 13% |
Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 7% |
Other | 9 | 16% |
Unknown | 10 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 20 | 36% |
Sports and Recreations | 5 | 9% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 7% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 5% |
Other | 6 | 11% |
Unknown | 12 | 22% |