Title |
Stereoscopic augmented reality for laparoscopic surgery
|
---|---|
Published in |
Surgical Endoscopy, February 2014
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00464-014-3433-x |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Xin Kang, Mahdi Azizian, Emmanuel Wilson, Kyle Wu, Aaron D. Martin, Timothy D. Kane, Craig A. Peters, Kevin Cleary, Raj Shekhar |
Abstract |
Conventional laparoscopes provide a flat representation of the three-dimensional (3D) operating field and are incapable of visualizing internal structures located beneath visible organ surfaces. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images are difficult to fuse in real time with laparoscopic views due to the deformable nature of soft-tissue organs. Utilizing emerging camera technology, we have developed a real-time stereoscopic augmented-reality (AR) system for laparoscopic surgery by merging live laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) with stereoscopic video. The system creates two new visual cues: (1) perception of true depth with improved understanding of 3D spatial relationships among anatomical structures, and (2) visualization of critical internal structures along with a more comprehensive visualization of the operating field. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 2 | 1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Finland | 1 | <1% |
India | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 170 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 33 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 32 | 18% |
Researcher | 25 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 13 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 11 | 6% |
Other | 34 | 19% |
Unknown | 31 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 41 | 23% |
Computer Science | 39 | 22% |
Engineering | 33 | 18% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 5 | 3% |
Social Sciences | 4 | 2% |
Other | 20 | 11% |
Unknown | 37 | 21% |