| Title |
Substance P effects exclusively on prototypic neurons in mouse globus pallidus
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Brain Structure and Function, June 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00429-017-1453-8 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Kazuko Mizutani, Susumu Takahashi, Shinichiro Okamoto, Fuyuki Karube, Fumino Fujiyama |
| Abstract |
Previous studies have suggested that the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) expressing neurons in the globus pallidus (GP) receive substance P (SP), presumably released by axon collaterals of striatal direct neurons. However, the effect of SP on the GP remains unclear. In this study, we identified that the SP-responsive cells comprise a highly specific cell type in the GP with regard to immunofluorescence, electrophysiology, and projection properties. Morphologically, NK-1R-immunoreactive neurons occasionally co-expressed parvalbumin (PV) and/or Lim-homeobox 6 (Lhx6), but not Forkhead box protein P2 (FoxP2), which is mainly expressed by arkypallidal neurons. Retrograde tracing experiments also showed that some of GP neurons projecting to the subthalamic nucleus (namely prototypic neurons) expressed NK-1R as well as Lhx6 and/or PV, but not FoxP2. In vitro electrophysiological study revealed that, among 48 GP neurons, the SP agonist induced inward current in 21 neurons. The response was prevented by bath application of the NK-1R antagonist. Based on the firing properties, 92 recorded GP neurons were classified into three distinct types, i.e., CL1, 2, and 3. Interestingly, all the SP-responsive neurons were found to be in CL2 and CL3 types, but not in CL1. Moreover, active and passive membrane properties of the neurons in those clusters and immunofluorescent identification suggested that CL1 and CL2/3 could be considered as arkypallidal and prototypic neurons, respectively. Therefore, SP-responsive neurons were one of the populations of prototypic neurons based on both anatomical and electrophysiological results. Altogether, the striatal direct pathway neurons could affect the indirect pathway in the way of prototypic neurons, via the action of SP to NK-1R. |
X Demographics
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 1 | 25% |
| United States | 1 | 25% |
| Unknown | 2 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 50% |
| Scientists | 1 | 25% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 32 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 32 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 7 | 22% |
| Professor | 3 | 9% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 9% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 3 | 9% |
| Student > Master | 3 | 9% |
| Other | 3 | 9% |
| Unknown | 10 | 31% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroscience | 10 | 31% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 9% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 6% |
| Psychology | 1 | 3% |
| Arts and Humanities | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 14 | 44% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 June 2017.
All research outputs
#15,907,830
of 24,217,893 outputs
Outputs from Brain Structure and Function
#956
of 1,725 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#193,449
of 320,876 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Brain Structure and Function
#23
of 45 outputs
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