| Title |
Assessment of Metabolic Flexibility by Means of Measuring Blood Lactate, Fat, and Carbohydrate Oxidation Responses to Exercise in Professional Endurance Athletes and Less-Fit Individuals
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Sports Medicine, June 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s40279-017-0751-x |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Iñigo San-Millán, George A. Brooks |
| Abstract |
Increased muscle mitochondrial mass is characteristic of elite professional endurance athletes (PAs), whereas increased blood lactate levels (lactatemia) at the same absolute submaximal exercise intensities and decreased mitochondrial oxidative capacity are characteristics of individuals with low aerobic power. In contrast to PAs, patients with metabolic syndrome (MtS) are characterized by a decreased capacity to oxidize lipids and by early transition from fat to carbohydrate oxidation (FATox/CHOox), as well as elevated blood lactate concentration [La(-)] as exercise power output (PO) increases, a condition termed 'metabolic inflexibility'. The aim of this study was to assess metabolic flexibility across populations with different metabolic characteristics. We used indirect calorimetry and [La(-)] measurements to study the metabolic responses to exercise in PAs, moderately active individuals (MAs), and MtS individuals. FATox was significantly higher in PAs than MAs and patients with MtS (p < 0.01), while [La(-)] was significantly lower in PAs compared with MAs and patients with MtS. FATox and [La(-)] were inversely correlated in all three groups (PA: r = -0.97, p < 0.01; MA: r = -0.98, p < 0.01; MtS: r = -0.92, p < 0.01). The correlation between FATox and [La(-)] for all data points corresponding to all populations studied was r = -0.76 (p < 0.01). Blood lactate accumulation is negatively correlated with FATox and positively correlated with CHOox during exercise across populations with widely ranging metabolic capabilities. Because both lactate and fatty acids are mitochondrial substrates, we believe that measurements of [La(-)] and FATox rate during exercise provide an indirect method to assess metabolic flexibility and oxidative capacity across individuals of widely different metabolic capabilities. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 165 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 31 | 19% |
| United Kingdom | 19 | 12% |
| Spain | 10 | 6% |
| Australia | 4 | 2% |
| South Africa | 3 | 2% |
| Germany | 3 | 2% |
| Ecuador | 2 | 1% |
| Canada | 2 | 1% |
| Switzerland | 2 | 1% |
| Other | 23 | 14% |
| Unknown | 66 | 40% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 105 | 64% |
| Scientists | 31 | 19% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 28 | 17% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 424 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 424 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 66 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 55 | 13% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 48 | 11% |
| Researcher | 28 | 7% |
| Other | 21 | 5% |
| Other | 79 | 19% |
| Unknown | 127 | 30% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Sports and Recreations | 112 | 26% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 48 | 11% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 34 | 8% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 26 | 6% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 19 | 4% |
| Other | 51 | 12% |
| Unknown | 134 | 32% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 291. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 25 April 2024.
All research outputs
#122,870
of 25,782,917 outputs
Outputs from Sports Medicine
#108
of 2,899 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#2,535
of 318,315 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Sports Medicine
#2
of 30 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,782,917 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,899 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 57.4. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 96% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 318,315 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 30 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 93% of its contemporaries.