Title |
The relationship between glial cell mechanosensitivity and foreign body reactions in the central nervous system
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Published in |
Clinical Materials, February 2014
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DOI | 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.038 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Pouria Moshayedi, Gilbert Ng, Jessica C.F. Kwok, Giles S.H. Yeo, Clare E. Bryant, James W. Fawcett, Kristian Franze, Jochen Guck |
Abstract |
Devices implanted into the body become encapsulated due to a foreign body reaction. In the central nervous system (CNS), this can lead to loss of functionality in electrodes used to treat disorders. Around CNS implants, glial cells are activated, undergo gliosis and ultimately encapsulate the electrodes. The primary cause of this reaction is unknown. Here we show that the mechanical mismatch between nervous tissue and electrodes activates glial cells. Both primary rat microglial cells and astrocytes responded to increasing the contact stiffness from physiological values (G' ∼ 100 Pa) to shear moduli G' ≥ 10 kPa by changes in morphology and upregulation of inflammatory genes and proteins. Upon implantation of composite foreign bodies into rat brains, foreign body reactions were significantly enhanced around their stiff portions in vivo. Our results indicate that CNS glial cells respond to mechanical cues, and suggest that adapting the surface stiffness of neural implants to that of nervous tissue could minimize adverse reactions and improve biocompatibility. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Germany | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 4 | <1% |
Germany | 2 | <1% |
Ireland | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 408 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 121 | 29% |
Researcher | 62 | 15% |
Student > Master | 54 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 47 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 23 | 6% |
Other | 42 | 10% |
Unknown | 69 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Engineering | 107 | 26% |
Neuroscience | 65 | 16% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 49 | 12% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 27 | 6% |
Materials Science | 23 | 6% |
Other | 59 | 14% |
Unknown | 88 | 21% |