Title |
Presence of kynurenic acid in food and honeybee products
|
---|---|
Published in |
Amino Acids, January 2008
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00726-008-0031-z |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Michal P. Turski, Monika Turska, Wojciech Zgrajka, Damian Kuc, Waldemar A. Turski |
Abstract |
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous antagonist of ionotropic glutamate receptors and the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, showing anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activity. In this study, the presence of KYNA in food and honeybee products was investigated. KYNA was found in all 37 tested samples of food and honeybee products. The highest concentration of KYNA was obtained from honeybee products' samples, propolis (9.6 nmol/g), honey (1.0-4.8 nmol/g) and bee pollen (3.4 nmol/g). A high concentration was detected in fresh broccoli (2.2 nmol/g) and potato (0.7 nmol/g). Only traces of KYNA were found in some commercial baby products. KYNA administered intragastrically in rats was absorbed from the intestine into the blood stream and transported to the liver and to the kidney. In conclusion, we provide evidence that KYNA is a constituent of food and that it can be easily absorbed from the digestive system. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 2% |
Poland | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 62 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 17% |
Researcher | 8 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 8 | 13% |
Student > Master | 5 | 8% |
Other | 4 | 6% |
Other | 12 | 19% |
Unknown | 16 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Chemistry | 11 | 17% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 11 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 9% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 6% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 6% |
Other | 7 | 11% |
Unknown | 21 | 33% |