Title |
Pharmacological Approaches That Slow Lymphatic Flow As a Snakebite First Aid
|
---|---|
Published in |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, February 2014
|
DOI | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002722 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Dirk F. van Helden, Paul A. Thomas, Peter J. Dosen, Mohammad S. Imtiaz, Derek R. Laver, Geoffrey K. Isbister |
Abstract |
This study examines the use of topical pharmacological agents as a snakebite first aid where slowing venom reaching the circulation prevents systemic toxicity. It is based on the fact that toxin molecules in most snake venoms are large molecules and generally first enter and traverse the lymphatic system before accessing the circulation. It follows on from a previous study where it was shown that topical application of a nitric oxide donor slowed lymph flow to a similar extent in humans and rats as well as increased the time to respiratory arrest for subcutaneous injection of an elapid venom (Pseudonaja textilis, Ptx; Eastern brown snake) into the hind feet of anaesthetized rats. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 6 | 32% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 11% |
Australia | 2 | 11% |
Netherlands | 2 | 11% |
Canada | 1 | 5% |
Unknown | 6 | 32% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 14 | 74% |
Scientists | 3 | 16% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 11% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
South Africa | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 56 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 13 | 22% |
Researcher | 7 | 12% |
Other | 6 | 10% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 9% |
Professor | 4 | 7% |
Other | 12 | 21% |
Unknown | 11 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 14 | 24% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 11 | 19% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 6 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 5 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 7% |
Other | 6 | 10% |
Unknown | 12 | 21% |