Title |
Endogenous retroviruses
|
---|---|
Published in |
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, September 2008
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00018-008-8495-2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
V. Blikstad, F. Benachenhou, G. O. Sperber, J. Blomberg |
Abstract |
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) most likely are remnants of ancient retroviral infections. ERVs preserve functions of exogenous retroviruses to a varying extent, and can be parasites, symbionts or more or less neutral genetic 'junk'.Their evolution has two facets, pre- and post-endogenization. Although the two are not clearly separated, the first pertains to retroviral evolution in general and the second to the fate of repetitive DNA and the evolution of the host organism and its genome. The study of ERVs provides much material for the understanding of retroviral evolution. This sequence archive reflects the history of successes and shortcomings of antiviral resistance, but also of strategic evolutionary decisions regarding genome organization and new gene acquisition. This review discusses retroviral evolution illustrated through HERVs, bioinformatic prerequisites for ERV studies, the endogenization process and HERV evolution post-endogenization, including relation to disease. (Part of a multi-author review). |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Canada | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 2% |
France | 2 | 2% |
Chile | 2 | 2% |
Spain | 2 | 2% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Czechia | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Other | 4 | 3% |
Unknown | 107 | 86% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 28 | 22% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 26 | 21% |
Student > Master | 16 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 15 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 9 | 7% |
Other | 16 | 13% |
Unknown | 15 | 12% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 62 | 50% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 21 | 17% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 8% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 7 | 6% |
Computer Science | 4 | 3% |
Other | 4 | 3% |
Unknown | 17 | 14% |