| Title |
Fluoride levels in UK infant milks
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, May 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s40368-016-0226-z |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
R. M. Bussell, R. Nichol, K. J. Toumba |
| Abstract |
To provide a comprehensive report of fluoride concentration in UK infant milks and estimate their contribution to daily fluoride intake. A total of 60 formula milk products available commercially or within a hospital environment were analysed, along with eight pasteurised cow's milk samples. Formula milk products requiring preparation were reconstituted with fresh Leeds tap water (0.02 ppmF). Fluoride concentration was measured for all products directly using an ion selective electrode after addition of low-level total ionic strength adjustment buffer. The overall median fluoride concentration for the 68 infant milks was 0.025 ppmF, with a wide range of 0.002-0.282 ppmF. Analysis revealed variation between composition and manufacturer, in addition to differences between measured and labeled fluoride concentration. Although all products contained low fluoride concentration, the fluoride concentrations for formula milks used within the hospital setting (0.029 ppmF) were statistically higher in comparison to the commercial formula milk (0.016 ppmF) and cow's milk (0.017 ppmF) products. The daily fluoride contribution from infant milks was low; 0.0034 mgF/kg body weight per day was estimated between birth and 6 months of age, further decreasing as intake of infant milk decreased with age. Fluoride concentration of the analysed infant milks is low, providing minimal contribution towards total daily F intake and alone are unlikely to pose a threat for the development of dental fluorosis. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 34 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 34 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 7 | 21% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 15% |
| Student > Master | 3 | 9% |
| Researcher | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 5 | 15% |
| Unknown | 7 | 21% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 12 | 35% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 9% |
| Psychology | 2 | 6% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 6% |
| Environmental Science | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 6 | 18% |
| Unknown | 8 | 24% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 04 July 2017.
All research outputs
#15,469,035
of 22,986,950 outputs
Outputs from European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry
#156
of 284 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#179,919
of 299,404 outputs
Outputs of similar age from European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry
#2
of 4 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,986,950 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 22nd percentile – i.e., 22% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 284 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.9. This one is in the 32nd percentile – i.e., 32% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 299,404 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 31st percentile – i.e., 31% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 4 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than 2 of them.