Title |
Prevention and Treatment of Papillomavirus-Related Cancers Through Immunization
|
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Published in |
Annual Review of Immunology, April 2011
|
DOI | 10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101308 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Ian H. Frazer, Graham R. Leggatt, Stephen R. Mattarollo |
Abstract |
Cervical and other anogenital cancers are initiated by infection with one of a small group of human papillomaviruses (HPV). Virus-like particle-based vaccines have recently been developed to prevent infection with two cancer-associated HPV genotypes (HPV16, HPV18) and have been ∼95% effective at preventing HPV-associated disease caused by these genotypes in virus-naive subjects. Although immunization induces virus-neutralizing antibody sufficient to prevent infection, persistence of antibody as measured by current assays does not appear necessary to maintain protection over time. Investigators have not identified a reliable surrogate immunological marker of protection against disease following immunization. The prophylactic vaccines are not therapeutic for existing infection. Trials of HPV-specific immunotherapy have shown some efficacy for existing disease, although animal modeling suggests that a combination of immunization and local enhancement of innate immunity may be necessary for optimal therapeutic outcome. HPV prophylactic vaccines are the first vaccines designed to prevent a human cancer and are the practical outcome of a global collaborative effort between basic and applied scientists, clinicians, and industry. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Mexico | 1 | <1% |
Thailand | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 103 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 22 | 20% |
Researcher | 17 | 16% |
Student > Master | 14 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 13 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 6% |
Other | 19 | 17% |
Unknown | 17 | 16% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 32 | 29% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 31 | 28% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 10 | 9% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 8 | 7% |
Engineering | 2 | 2% |
Other | 6 | 6% |
Unknown | 20 | 18% |