Title |
Genomic landscape of human diversity across Madagascar
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Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, July 2017
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DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1704906114 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Denis Pierron, Margit Heiske, Harilanto Razafindrazaka, Ignace Rakoto, Nelly Rabetokotany, Bodo Ravololomanga, Lucien M-A Rakotozafy, Mireille Mialy Rakotomalala, Michel Razafiarivony, Bako Rasoarifetra, Miakabola Andriamampianina Raharijesy, Lolona Razafindralambo, Ramilisonina, Fulgence Fanony, Sendra Lejamble, Olivier Thomas, Ahmed Mohamed Abdallah, Christophe Rocher, Amal Arachiche, Laure Tonaso, Veronica Pereda-Loth, Stéphanie Schiavinato, Nicolas Brucato, Francois-Xavier Ricaut, Pradiptajati Kusuma, Herawati Sudoyo, Shengyu Ni, Anne Boland, Jean-Francois Deleuze, Philippe Beaujard, Philippe Grange, Sander Adelaar, Mark Stoneking, Jean-Aimé Rakotoarisoa, Chantal Radimilahy, Thierry Letellier |
Abstract |
Although situated ∼400 km from the east coast of Africa, Madagascar exhibits cultural, linguistic, and genetic traits from both Southeast Asia and Eastern Africa. The settlement history remains contentious; we therefore used a grid-based approach to sample at high resolution the genomic diversity (including maternal lineages, paternal lineages, and genome-wide data) across 257 villages and 2,704 Malagasy individuals. We find a common Bantu and Austronesian descent for all Malagasy individuals with a limited paternal contribution from Europe and the Middle East. Admixture and demographic growth happened recently, suggesting a rapid settlement of Madagascar during the last millennium. However, the distribution of African and Asian ancestry across the island reveals that the admixture was sex biased and happened heterogeneously across Madagascar, suggesting independent colonization of Madagascar from Africa and Asia rather than settlement by an already admixed population. In addition, there are geographic influences on the present genomic diversity, independent of the admixture, showing that a few centuries is sufficient to produce detectable genetic structure in human populations. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 9 | 14% |
France | 6 | 9% |
United Kingdom | 4 | 6% |
Indonesia | 2 | 3% |
Mexico | 2 | 3% |
Germany | 2 | 3% |
Madagascar | 1 | 2% |
Denmark | 1 | 2% |
Netherlands | 1 | 2% |
Other | 4 | 6% |
Unknown | 34 | 52% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 49 | 74% |
Scientists | 15 | 23% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 158 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 36 | 23% |
Researcher | 26 | 16% |
Student > Master | 16 | 10% |
Other | 10 | 6% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 6% |
Other | 34 | 22% |
Unknown | 26 | 16% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 49 | 31% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 31 | 20% |
Environmental Science | 10 | 6% |
Social Sciences | 7 | 4% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 3% |
Other | 25 | 16% |
Unknown | 31 | 20% |