Title |
Impact of preventable risk factors on stroke in the EPICOR study: does gender matter?
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Published in |
International Journal of Public Health, June 2017
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DOI | 10.1007/s00038-017-0993-2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Slavica Trajkova, Angelo d’Errico, Fulvio Ricceri, Francesca Fasanelli, Valeria Pala, Claudia Agnoli, Rosario Tumino, Graziella Frasca, Giovanna Masala, Calogero Saieva, Paolo Chiodini, Amalia Mattiello, Carlotta Sacerdote, Salvatore Panico |
Abstract |
The effect of modifiable stroke risk factors in terms of prevented cases remains unclear due to sex-specific disease rate and risk factors prevalence. Our aim was to estimate their impact on stroke by gender through population-attributable fraction (PAF), preventive fraction (PF) and their combination in EPIC-Italian cohort. 43,976 participants, age 34-75, and free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (1993-1998) were followed up for almost 11 years. Adjusted hazard ratios and PAF were estimated using Cox models. We identified 386 cases. In males, the burden for stroke was 17% (95% CI 4-28%) for smoking and 14% (95% CI 5-22%) for alcohol consumption. In females, hypertension was carrying the biggest burden with 18% (95% CI 9-26%) followed by smoking 15% (95% CI 7-22%). Their combination was 46% (95% CI 32-58%) in males and 48% (95% CI 35-59%) in females. PF for current smokers was gender unequal [males 21% (95% CI 15-27%) females 9% (95% CI 1-17%)]. Half of strokes are attributable to potentially modifiable factors. The proportion of prevented cases is gender unbalanced, encouraging sex-specific intervention. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Brazil | 1 | 33% |
Canada | 1 | 33% |
Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 33% |
Scientists | 1 | 33% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 29 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 9 | 31% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 10% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 10% |
Other | 1 | 3% |
Professor | 1 | 3% |
Other | 3 | 10% |
Unknown | 9 | 31% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 34% |
Psychology | 3 | 10% |
Social Sciences | 2 | 7% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 3% |
Environmental Science | 1 | 3% |
Other | 2 | 7% |
Unknown | 10 | 34% |