Title |
Direct visualization of HIV-enhancing endogenous amyloid fibrils in human semen
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Published in |
Nature Communications, April 2014
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DOI | 10.1038/ncomms4508 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Shariq M. Usmani, Onofrio Zirafi, Janis A. Müller, Nathallie L. Sandi-Monroy, Jay K. Yadav, Christoph Meier, Tanja Weil, Nadia R. Roan, Warner C. Greene, Paul Walther, K. Peter R. Nilsson, Per Hammarström, Ronald Wetzel, Christopher D. Pilcher, Friedrich Gagsteiger, Marcus Fändrich, Frank Kirchhoff, Jan Münch |
Abstract |
Naturally occurring fragments of the abundant semen proteins prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and semenogelins form amyloid fibrils in vitro. These fibrils boost HIV infection and may play a key role in the spread of the AIDS pandemic. However, the presence of amyloid fibrils in semen remained to be demonstrated. Here, we use state of the art confocal and electron microscopy techniques for direct imaging of amyloid fibrils in human ejaculates. We detect amyloid aggregates in all semen samples and find that they partially consist of PAP fragments, interact with HIV particles and increase viral infectivity. Our results establish semen as a body fluid that naturally contains amyloid fibrils that are exploited by HIV to promote its sexual transmission. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Germany | 1 | 20% |
United States | 1 | 20% |
Australia | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 2 | 40% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 60% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 40% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 116 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 26 | 22% |
Researcher | 25 | 21% |
Student > Master | 10 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 8% |
Professor | 7 | 6% |
Other | 20 | 17% |
Unknown | 20 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 28 | 24% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 26 | 22% |
Chemistry | 11 | 9% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 7 | 6% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 6% |
Other | 12 | 10% |
Unknown | 26 | 22% |