| Title |
Immune cell quantitation in normal breast tissue lobules with and without lobulitis
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, March 2014
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10549-014-2896-8 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Amy C. Degnim, Rushin D. Brahmbhatt, Derek C. Radisky, Tanya L. Hoskin, Melody Stallings-Mann, Mark Laudenschlager, Aaron Mansfield, Marlene H. Frost, Linda Murphy, Keith Knutson, Daniel W. Visscher |
| Abstract |
While the immune microenvironment has been investigated in breast cancers, little is known about its role in non-malignant breast tissues. Here we quantify and localize cellular immune components in normal breast tissue lobules, with and without visible immune infiltrates (lobulitis). Up to ten representative lobules each in eleven normal breast tissue samples were assessed for B cells (CD20), cytotoxic T cells (CD8), helper T cells (CD4), dendritic cells (CD11c), leukocytes (CD45), and monocytes/macrophages (CD68). Using digital image analysis, immune cell densities were measured and compared between lobules with/without lobulitis. 109 lobules in 11 normal breast tissue samples were evaluated; 31 with lobulitis and 78 without. Immune cells showed consistent patterns in all normal samples, predominantly localized to lobules rather than stroma. Regardless of lobulitis status, most lobules demonstrated CD8+, CD11c+, CD45+, and CD68+ cells, with lower densities of CD4+ and CD20+ cells. Both CD11c+ and CD8+ cells were consistently and intimately associated with the basal aspect of lobule epithelium. Significantly higher densities of CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, and CD45+ cells were observed in lobules with lobulitis. In contrast, densities of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells did not vary with lobulitis. In normal breast tissue, myeloid and lymphoid cells are present and localized to lobules, with cytotoxic T and dendritic cells directly integrated with epithelium. Lobules with lobulitis have significantly more adaptive immune (B and T) cells, but no increase in dendritic cells or monocytes/macrophages. These findings indicate an active and dynamic mucosal immune system in normal breast tissue. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 5 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 20% |
| Unknown | 4 | 80% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 4 | 80% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 20% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 91 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 91 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 20 | 22% |
| Researcher | 11 | 12% |
| Student > Bachelor | 6 | 7% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 7% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 5% |
| Other | 16 | 18% |
| Unknown | 27 | 30% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 22 | 24% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 21 | 23% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 9 | 10% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 5 | 5% |
| Computer Science | 2 | 2% |
| Other | 5 | 5% |
| Unknown | 27 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 19 November 2014.
All research outputs
#13,173,958
of 22,751,628 outputs
Outputs from Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
#2,864
of 4,651 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#107,473
of 221,299 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Breast Cancer Research and Treatment
#35
of 61 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,751,628 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 41st percentile – i.e., 41% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 61 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 42nd percentile – i.e., 42% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.