N-WASP regulates the epithelial junctional actin cytoskeleton through a non-canonical post-nucleation pathway

Eva M. Kovacs, Suzie Verma, Radiya G. Ali, Aparna Ratheesh, Nicholas A. Hamilton, Anna Akhmanova, Alpha S. Yap

N-WASP is a major cytoskeletal regulator that stimulates Arp2/3-mediated actin nucleation. Here, we identify a nucleation-independent pathway by which N-WASP regulates the cytoskeleton and junctional integrity at the epithelial zonula adherens. N-WASP is a junctional protein whose depletion decreased junctional F-actin content and organization. However, N-WASP (also known as WASL) RNAi did not affect junctional actin nucleation, dominantly mediated by Arp2/3. Furthermore, the junctional effect of N-WASP RNAi was rescued by an N-WASP mutant that cannot directly activate Arp2/3. Instead, N-WASP stabilized newly formed actin filaments and facilitated their incorporation into apical rings at the zonula adherens. A major physiological effect of N-WASP at the zonula adherens thus occurs through a non-canonical pathway that is distinct from its capacity to activate Arp2/3. Indeed, the junctional impact of N-WASP was mediated by the WIP-family protein, WIRE, which binds to the N-WASP WH1 domain. We conclude that N-WASP-WIRE serves as an integrator that couples actin nucleation with the subsequent steps of filament stabilization and organization necessary for zonula adherens integrity.