Title |
Evidence for the efficacy of immunotherapy in children with high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Published in |
Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej, September 2016
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DOI | 10.5604/17322693.1220380 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Elwira Szychot, Jarosław Peregud-Pogorzelski, Paweł Wawryków, Andrzej Brodkiewicz |
Abstract |
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial malignancy of childhood, with the highest incidence in children younger than 4 years. The prognosis depends on many factors, such as age at diagnosis, stage of disease and molecular genetic subtype. More than 50% of children who present with the disease are deemed to have high-risk neuroblastoma. The standard therapy for children with high-risk neuroblastoma consists of intensive chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, myeloablative consolidation with autologous haematopoietic stem cell rescue followed by the treatment of minimal residual disease with 13-cis-retinoic acid. Unfortunately, more than half of the patients relapse regardless of the treatment intensity. Combined therapy with monoclonal antibodies (anti-GD2), intravenous interleukin-2 (Il-2), intravenous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and oral 13-cis-retinoic acid have been proved to be effective in some randomised trials. A better understanding of the underlying immunological processes in therapy with anti-GD2 antibodies will allow its success to be evaluated more accurately and direct future endeavours. Nevertheless, the long-term benefit of this treatment approach needs to be established. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 27 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 15% |
Student > Master | 3 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 11% |
Researcher | 2 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 7% |
Other | 4 | 15% |
Unknown | 9 | 33% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 41% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 7% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 7% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 11 | 41% |