| Title |
Unique XCI evolution in Tokudaia: initial XCI of the neo-X chromosome in Tokudaia muenninki and function loss of XIST in Tokudaia osimensis
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Chromosoma, August 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00412-017-0639-4 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Hideki Zushi, Chie Murata, Shusei Mizushima, Chizuko Nishida, Asato Kuroiwa |
| Abstract |
X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an essential mechanism to compensate gene dosage in mammals. Here, we show that XCI has evolved differently in two species of the genus Tokudaia. The Amami spiny rat, Tokudaia osimensis, has a single X chromosome in males and females (XO/XO). By contrast, the Okinawa spiny rat, Tokudaia muenninki, has XX/XY sex chromosomes like most mammals, although the X chromosome has acquired a neo-X region by fusion with an autosome. BAC clones containing the XIST gene, which produces the long non-coding RNA XIST required for XCI, were obtained by screening of T. osimensis and T. muenninki BAC libraries. Each clone was mapped to the homologous region of the X inactivation center in the X chromosome of the two species by BAC-FISH. XIST RNAs were expressed in T. muenninki females, whereas no expression was observed in T. osimensis. The sequence of the XIST RNA was compared with that of mouse, showing that the XIST gene is highly conserved in T. muenninki. XIST RNAs were localized to the ancestral X region (Xq), to the heterochromatic region (pericentromeric region), and partially to the neo-X region (Xp). The hybridization pattern correlated with LINE-1 accumulation in Xq but not in Xp. Dosage of genes located on the neo-X chromosome was not compensated, suggesting that the neo-X region is in an early state of XCI. By contrast, many mutations were observed in the XIST gene of T. osimensis, indicating its loss of function in the XO/XO species. |
X Demographics
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
| Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 26 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 26 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 7 | 27% |
| Student > Master | 5 | 19% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 12% |
| Professor | 2 | 8% |
| Student > Bachelor | 2 | 8% |
| Other | 1 | 4% |
| Unknown | 6 | 23% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 42% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 19% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 1 | 4% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 1 | 4% |
| Neuroscience | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 7 | 27% |
Attention Score in Context
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#17,910,703
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Outputs of similar age from Chromosoma
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