| Title |
Improving Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Separate and Combined Effects of Incentives and Stimulant Medication
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, April 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10802-012-9627-6 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Michael T. Strand, Larry W. Hawk, Michelle Bubnik, Keri Shiels, William E. Pelham, James G. Waxmonsky |
| Abstract |
Working memory (WM) is considered a core deficit in Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with numerous studies demonstrating impaired WM among children with ADHD. We tested the degree to which WM in children with ADHD was improved by performance-based incentives, an analog of behavioral intervention. In two studies, WM performance was assessed using a visuo-spatial n-back task. Study 1 compared children (ages 9-12 years) with ADHD-Combined type (n = 24) to a group of typically developing (TD) children (n = 32). Study 1 replicated WM deficits among children with ADHD. Incentives improved WM, particularly among children with ADHD. The provision of incentives reduced the ADHD-control group difference by approximately half but did not normalize WM. Study 2 examined the separate and combined effects of incentives and stimulant medication among 17 children with ADHD-Combined type. Both incentives and a moderate dose of long-acting methylphenidate (MPH; ~0.3 mg/kg t.i.d. equivalent) robustly improved WM relative to the no-incentive, placebo condition. The combination of incentives and medication improved WM significantly more than either incentives or MPH alone. These studies indicate that contingencies markedly improve WM among children with ADHD-Combined type, with effect sizes comparable to a moderate dose of stimulant medication. More broadly, this work calls attention to the role of motivation in studying cognitive deficits in ADHD and in testing multifactorial models of ADHD. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 157 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | 1% |
| Netherlands | 2 | 1% |
| Germany | 1 | <1% |
| Brazil | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 151 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 21% |
| Student > Master | 28 | 18% |
| Student > Bachelor | 20 | 13% |
| Researcher | 11 | 7% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 6% |
| Other | 28 | 18% |
| Unknown | 27 | 17% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 64 | 41% |
| Social Sciences | 19 | 12% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 12 | 8% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 4% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 3% |
| Other | 19 | 12% |
| Unknown | 32 | 20% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 5. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 11 September 2019.
All research outputs
#6,753,656
of 25,371,288 outputs
Outputs from Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
#676
of 2,047 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#43,558
of 173,343 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
#6
of 26 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,371,288 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 73rd percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,047 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 9.5. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 66% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 173,343 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 74% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 26 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 73% of its contemporaries.