| Title |
Combination of EPA with Carotenoids and Polyphenol Synergistically Attenuated the Transformation of Microglia to M1 Phenotype Via Inhibition of NF-κB
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
NeuroMolecular Medicine, August 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s12017-017-8459-5 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Nurit Hadad, Rachel Levy |
| Abstract |
Microglia activation toward the M1 phenotype has been reported to contribute to the neurodegenerative processes and cognition alterations due to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. The aim of the present research was to assess the effectiveness of free fatty acids omega-3 preparations: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or/and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), carotenoids and phenolics combinations, in inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators from activated microglia. Preincubation of BV-2 microglia cells with each of the FFAs omega-3 preparations in a range of 0.03-2 μM together with Lyc-O-mato(®) (0.1 μM), Carnosic acid (0.2 μM) with or without Lutein (0.2 μM), 1 h before addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 16 h caused a synergistic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production with a rank order of EPA > Ropufa (EPA/DHA 2/1) > Krill (EPA/DHA 1.23/1). The optimal inhibitory combinations of EPA (0.125 μM) with the phytonutrients caused a synergistic inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, IL-6 secretion, superoxide and NO production and prevention of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) upregulation and elevated CD40 expression in microglia exposed to LPS or interferon-γ (IFN-γ), representing infection or inflammation, respectively. The presence of the combination caused a synergistic increase in the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The inhibitory effects by the combinations of EPA with the phytonutrients were mediated by the inhibition of the redox-sensitive NF-κB activation and detected by its phosphorylated p-65 on serine 536 in microglia stimulated by either LPS or IFN-γ. In addition, phosphorylated CREB on serine 133 which was shown to be involved in the induction of iNOS was inhibited by the combinations in stimulated cells. In conclusion, the results suggest that low concentrations of EPA with the phytonutrients are very efficient in inhibiting the transformation of microglia to M1 phenotype and may prevent cognition deficit. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 23 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| India | 2 | 9% |
| United States | 2 | 9% |
| Spain | 1 | 4% |
| Ecuador | 1 | 4% |
| Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 4% |
| Sweden | 1 | 4% |
| Mexico | 1 | 4% |
| Austria | 1 | 4% |
| Australia | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 12 | 52% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 15 | 65% |
| Scientists | 5 | 22% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 9% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 40 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 40 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 7 | 18% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 15% |
| Student > Bachelor | 3 | 8% |
| Researcher | 3 | 8% |
| Other | 2 | 5% |
| Other | 4 | 10% |
| Unknown | 15 | 38% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 13% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 13% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 5% |
| Psychology | 2 | 5% |
| Engineering | 2 | 5% |
| Other | 8 | 20% |
| Unknown | 16 | 40% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 24. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 08 February 2020.
All research outputs
#1,537,330
of 24,943,708 outputs
Outputs from NeuroMolecular Medicine
#14
of 474 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#30,049
of 322,708 outputs
Outputs of similar age from NeuroMolecular Medicine
#1
of 13 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,943,708 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 93rd percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 474 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.5. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 97% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 13 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.