| Title |
Novel Gemcitabine Conjugated Albumin Nanoparticles: a Potential Strategy to Enhance Drug Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Pharmaceutical Research, August 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11095-017-2238-8 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Varun Kushwah, Ashish Kumar Agrawal, Chander Parkash Dora, David Mallinson, Dimitrios A. Lamprou, Ramesh C. Gupta, Sanyog Jain |
| Abstract |
The present study reports a novel conjugate of gemcitabine (GEM) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and thereof nanoparticles (GEM-BSA NPs) to potentiate the therapeutic efficacy by altering physicochemical properties, improving cellular uptake and stability of GEM. The synthesized GEM-BSA conjugate was extensively characterized by NMR, FTIR, MALDI-TOF and elemental analysis. Conjugation mediated changes in structural conformation and physicochemical properties were analysed by fluorescence, Raman and CD spectroscopy, DSC and contact angle analysis. Further, BSA nanoparticles were developed from BSA-GEM conjugate and extensively evaluated against in-vitro pancreatic cancer cell lines to explore cellular uptake pathways and therapeutic efficacy. Various characterization techniques confirmed covalent conjugation of GEM with BSA. GEM-BSA conjugate was then transformed into NPs via high pressure homogenization technique with particle size 147.2 ± 7.3, PDI 0.16 ± 0.06 and ZP -19.2 ± 1.4. The morphological analysis by SEM and AFM revealed the formation of smooth surface spherical nanoparticles. Cellular uptake studies in MIA PaCa-2 (GEM sensitive) and PANC-1 (GEM resistant) pancreatic cell lines confirmed energy dependent clathrin internalization/endocytosis as a primary mechanism of NPs uptake. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies confirmed the hNTs independent transport of GEM in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells. Moreover, DNA damage and annexin-V assay revealed significantly higher apoptosis level in case of cells treated with GEM-BSA NPs as compared to free GEM. GEM-BSA NPs were found to potentiate the therapeutic efficacy by altering physicochemical properties, improving cellular uptake and stability of GEM and thus demonstrated promising therapeutic potential over free drug. Graphical Abstract ᅟ. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
| Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 54 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 54 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 24% |
| Student > Master | 9 | 17% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 9% |
| Researcher | 4 | 7% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 4 | 7% |
| Other | 6 | 11% |
| Unknown | 13 | 24% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 14 | 26% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 13% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 11% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 9% |
| Materials Science | 3 | 6% |
| Other | 3 | 6% |
| Unknown | 16 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 14 August 2017.
All research outputs
#13,331,496
of 22,997,544 outputs
Outputs from Pharmaceutical Research
#2,109
of 2,869 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#155,670
of 318,007 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Pharmaceutical Research
#10
of 20 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,997,544 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 41st percentile – i.e., 41% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,869 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.0. This one is in the 26th percentile – i.e., 26% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 318,007 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 50% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 20 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 50% of its contemporaries.