Title |
Elevated HERV-K mRNA expression in PBMC is associated with a prostate cancer diagnosis particularly in older men and smokers
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Published in |
Carcinogenesis, May 2014
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DOI | 10.1093/carcin/bgu114 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Tiffany A Wallace, Ronan F Downey, Caleb J Seufert, Aaron Schetter, Tiffany H Dorsey, Carol A Johnson, Radoslav Goldman, Christopher A Loffredo, Peisha Yan, Francis J Sullivan, Francis J Giles, Feng Wang-Johanning, Stefan Ambs, Sharon A Glynn |
Abstract |
Aberrant expression of subgroup k human endogenous retroviruses (HERV-K) has been observed in prostate cancer. This subgroup is unique because it encodes sequences in the human genome containing open reading frames for near intact retroviruses. We hypothesized that HERV-K reactivation could serve as a non-invasive early disease detection marker for prostate cancer. We evaluated HERV-K gag mRNA expression in blood samples of African-American and European-American men using a case-control design via qRT-PCR. Additionally we examined HERV-K envelope protein expression in prostate tumors by immunohistochemistry. HERV-K envelope protein was commonly up-regulated in prostate tumors, but more so in tumors of African-American than European-American patients (61% versus 40%, P < 0.01). Examining HERV-K gag expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 294 cases and 135 healthy men, we found that the abundance of HERV-K gag message was significantly higher in cases than controls, and was associated with increased plasma IFNγ. Men with gag expression in the highest quartile had a greater than 12-fold increased odds [odds ratio = 12.87 (95% CI 6.3-26.25)] of being diagnosed with prostate cancer than those in the lowest quartile. Moreover, our results showed that HERV-K expression may perform better as a disease biomarker in older than younger men (whereas the sensitivity of PSA testing decreases with age), and in men with a smoking history compared with never smokers. Combining non-invasive HERV-K testing with PSA testing may improve the efficacy of prostate cancer detection specifically among older men and smokers who tend to develop a more aggressive disease. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Denmark | 2 | 33% |
Ireland | 2 | 33% |
Unknown | 2 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 50% |
Scientists | 3 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Iran, Islamic Republic of | 1 | 1% |
Brazil | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 74 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 22% |
Researcher | 15 | 20% |
Student > Master | 11 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 7 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 7% |
Other | 7 | 9% |
Unknown | 14 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 16 | 21% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 18% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 8 | 11% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 8% |
Chemistry | 4 | 5% |
Other | 9 | 12% |
Unknown | 19 | 25% |