Title |
Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: the Emerging Role of PD-1 and PD-L1
|
---|---|
Published in |
Current Oncology Reports, August 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/s11912-017-0627-0 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
François Bertucci, Anthony Gonçalves |
Abstract |
The purpose of the review is to summarize the data regarding PD-L1 expression in breast cancer and the results of first clinical trials with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with metastatic breast cancer. PD-L1 expression is heterogeneous across primary breast cancers, and is generally associated with the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the presence of poor-prognosis features such as high grade, and aggressive molecular subtypes (triple-negative (TN), basal, HER2-enriched). Early phase clinical trials using PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors alone or in combination have shown objective tumor responses and durable long-term disease control, in heavily pre-treated patients, notably in the TN subtype. Blockade of PD-1 or PD-L1 shows impressive antitumor activity in some subsets of breast cancer patients. Many clinical trials are ongoing in the metastatic and neoadjuvant setting, alone and in combination with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and/or other immune therapy. The identification of biomarkers predictive for a clinical benefit is warranted. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 5 | 42% |
United States | 1 | 8% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 8% |
Unknown | 5 | 42% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6 | 50% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 5 | 42% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 167 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 19 | 11% |
Researcher | 17 | 10% |
Student > Master | 16 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 11 | 7% |
Other | 31 | 19% |
Unknown | 54 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 36 | 22% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 28 | 17% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 10 | 6% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 9 | 5% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 7 | 4% |
Other | 19 | 11% |
Unknown | 58 | 35% |