Title |
Attenuated sensing of SHH by Ptch1 underlies evolution of bovine limbs
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Published in |
Nature, June 2014
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DOI | 10.1038/nature13289 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Javier Lopez-Rios, Amandine Duchesne, Dario Speziale, Guillaume Andrey, Kevin A. Peterson, Philipp Germann, Erkan Ünal, Jing Liu, Sandrine Floriot, Sarah Barbey, Yves Gallard, Magdalena Müller-Gerbl, Andrew D. Courtney, Christophe Klopp, Sabrina Rodriguez, Robert Ivanek, Christian Beisel, Carol Wicking, Dagmar Iber, Benoit Robert, Andrew P. McMahon, Denis Duboule, Rolf Zeller |
Abstract |
The large spectrum of limb morphologies reflects the wide evolutionary diversification of the basic pentadactyl pattern in tetrapods. In even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls, including cattle), limbs are adapted for running as a consequence of progressive reduction of their distal skeleton to symmetrical and elongated middle digits with hoofed phalanges. Here we analyse bovine embryos to establish that polarized gene expression is progressively lost during limb development in comparison to the mouse. Notably, the transcriptional upregulation of the Ptch1 gene, which encodes a Sonic hedgehog (SHH) receptor, is disrupted specifically in the bovine limb bud mesenchyme. This is due to evolutionary alteration of a Ptch1 cis-regulatory module, which no longer responds to graded SHH signalling during bovine handplate development. Our study provides a molecular explanation for the loss of digit asymmetry in bovine limb buds and suggests that modifications affecting the Ptch1 cis-regulatory landscape have contributed to evolutionary diversification of artiodactyl limbs. |
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Country | Count | As % |
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Japan | 6 | 19% |
United Kingdom | 3 | 10% |
United States | 2 | 6% |
Hong Kong | 1 | 3% |
Switzerland | 1 | 3% |
Thailand | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 17 | 55% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 21 | 68% |
Scientists | 9 | 29% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 7 | 3% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Taiwan | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
China | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 222 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
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Researcher | 37 | 16% |
Student > Master | 28 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 17 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 16 | 7% |
Other | 39 | 17% |
Unknown | 40 | 17% |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 3% |
Neuroscience | 4 | 2% |
Physics and Astronomy | 3 | 1% |
Other | 15 | 6% |
Unknown | 44 | 19% |