| Title |
Field deposition of Bt transgenic corn pollen: lethal effects on the monarch butterfly
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Oecologia, October 2000
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s004420000502 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Laura C. Hansen Jesse, John J. Obrycki |
| Abstract |
We present the first evidence that transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn pollen naturally deposited on Asclepias syriaca; common milkweed, in a corn field causes significant mortality of Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Danaidae) larvae. Larvae feeding for 48 h on A. syriaca plants naturally dusted with pollen from Bt corn plants suffered significantly higher rates of mortality at 48 h (20±3%) compared to larvae feeding on leaves with no pollen (3±3%), or feeding on leaves with non-Bt pollen (0%). Mortality at 120 h of D. plexippus larvae exposed to 135 pollen grains/cm(2) of transgenic pollen for 48 h ranged from 37 to 70%. We found no sub-lethal effects on D. plexippus adults reared from larvae that survived a 48-h exposure to three concentrations of Bt pollen. Based on our quantification of the wind dispersal of this pollen beyond the edges of agricultural fields, we predict that the effects of transgenic pollen on D. plexippus may be observed at least 10 m from transgenic field borders. However, the highest larval mortality will likely occur on A. syriaca plants in corn fields or within 3 m of the edge of a transgenic corn field. We conclude that the ecological effects of transgenic insecticidal crops need to be evaluated more fully before they are planted over extensive areas. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 6 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | 33% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 17% |
| Mexico | 1 | 17% |
| Unknown | 2 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 5 | 83% |
| Scientists | 1 | 17% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 176 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 6 | 3% |
| Poland | 3 | 2% |
| Germany | 2 | 1% |
| Brazil | 2 | 1% |
| Australia | 1 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| Portugal | 1 | <1% |
| Mexico | 1 | <1% |
| Austria | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 2 | 1% |
| Unknown | 156 | 89% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 43 | 24% |
| Researcher | 26 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 22 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 19 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 6% |
| Other | 32 | 18% |
| Unknown | 24 | 14% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 91 | 52% |
| Environmental Science | 25 | 14% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 15 | 9% |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | 5 | 3% |
| Engineering | 3 | 2% |
| Other | 9 | 5% |
| Unknown | 28 | 16% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 347. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 08 March 2023.
All research outputs
#95,157
of 26,017,215 outputs
Outputs from Oecologia
#6
of 5,046 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#27
of 40,230 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Oecologia
#1
of 18 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 26,017,215 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 5,046 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.1. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 40,230 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 18 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its contemporaries.