| Title |
Combinatorial Therapies in Melanoma: MAPK Inhibitors and Beyond
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, August 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s40257-017-0320-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Alice Y. Zhou, Douglas B. Johnson |
| Abstract |
Melanoma is the most aggressive of the skin cancers, with historically high rates of morbidity and mortality due to its resistance to traditional cytotoxic therapies. Recently, however, breakthroughs in new therapies have dramatically changed clinical outcomes of this disease. These advances emerged from an improved understanding of tumor oncogenesis and the interacting tumor microenvironment. Small molecules that target the oncogenic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, specifically the tyrosine kinase BRAF and its downstream signaling partner MEK, have demonstrated an improved overall survival and progression-free survival for BRAF-mutant melanoma. Additionally, manipulation of tumor immune surveillance by inhibitors of the immune suppressive programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) pathways have recently demonstrated durable responses in various cancers by promoting an anti-tumor immune response. Application of these targeted and immune-modulatory therapies has shown promising outcomes in melanoma. Combinations of these therapies may hold promise to enhance responses further. In this review, we will discuss the current targeted therapies and immunotherapies, and review the results of combination studies and speculate on future treatment paradigms. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 33% |
| Unknown | 2 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 42 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 42 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 8 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 8 | 19% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 12% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 10% |
| Other | 3 | 7% |
| Other | 3 | 7% |
| Unknown | 11 | 26% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 21% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 17% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 14% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 10% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 5% |
| Other | 2 | 5% |
| Unknown | 12 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 08 September 2018.
All research outputs
#14,362,315
of 22,999,744 outputs
Outputs from American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
#690
of 986 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#175,671
of 316,373 outputs
Outputs of similar age from American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
#6
of 13 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,999,744 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 35th percentile – i.e., 35% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 986 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 10.9. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 13 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 46th percentile – i.e., 46% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.